DSM Vocab
Difference between Incidence & Prevalence
Incidence: occurrence or onset rate of a given disorder in a population
Prevalence: in a population the proportion of active cases of a disorder that can be identified at a given point in time or during a certain period
dhat syndrome
anxiety, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, impotence (South Asia)
acute stress disorder vs. PTSD
the duration is one month for acute and for PTSD duration is six months
positive symptoms
-presence of unusual behaviors
-delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and speech
cognitive features of SSD
-attention focused on your somatic symptoms
-attribution of normal bodily functions to a physical illness
What are the three major things to consider when diagnosing?
onset, frequency, duration
khyal cap
panic attack (cambodians)
acute stress disorder categories
1. intrusion
2. negative mood
3. dissociation
4. avoidance
5. arousal
negative symptoms
-absence of behaviors
-flat affect, asociality, anhedonia, alogia, avolition
emotional features of SSD
-worries about the illness
-fears that any physical activity may damage the body
what is abnormal behavior?
Maladaptive behavior
detrimental to an individual or a group
statistically deviant, subjective distress, social discomfort, violation of standards of society
kufungisisa
range of psychopathology (Zimbabwe)
what is considered as exposure to trauma
1. directly witnessing an event
2. directly experiencing an event
3. learning a traumatic event occurred to someone close
4. experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to details of trauma
delusions
-fixed beliefs
behavioral features of SSD
-repeated bodily checking for abnormalities
-repeated seeking of medical help and reassurance
-avoidance of physical activity
what does the DSM stand for
Diagnostic Statistical Manual
created by the APA
Maladi moun
range of medical and psychiatric disorders (Haiti)
intrusion vs. avoidance
-intrusion: recurrent, involuntary, intrusive distressing memories -recurrent distressing dreams -dissociate reactions like flashbacks -intense/prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal/external cues -marked physiological reactions to internal and/or external cues
-avoidance: Efforts to avoid distressing memories, feelings, thoughts, and about traumatic event efforts to avoid external reminders
types of hallucinations
-visual
-olfactory
-gustatory
- tactile
-auditory
prevalence of SSD
-4-6% european and north american sample
-women are more affected than men
-higher in clinical settings at about 40-60%
what is the difference between cyclothymia and dysthymia
cyclothymia: recurrent chronic milder form of bipolar (oscillates between hypomania and dysthymia)
dysthymia: a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as MDD
Shenjing shuairuo
weakness, worry, insomnia (China)
prevalence of trauma disorders
-70% of adults have experienced some sort of trauma
-20% of those develop PTSD
-10% of women and 5% of men experience PTSD at some point
-overall 8% of Americans have PTSD at any time
myth about schizophrenia
-majority of individuals are aggression
-aggression is usually associated with a reaction to something
-most likely will happen when on a medication
risk factors of SSD
-temperamental: neuroticism, comorbid with anxiety/depression that exasperate symptoms
-environmental: few years of education, low SES, recent exposure to stressful life events