Mood Disorders
Symptoms must be present for at least ______ to meet the criteria for a depressive episode
2 weeks
Name all the anxiety disorders we covered in class
1. Panic Disorder, 2. Specific Phobia, 3. Agoraphobia, 4. Social Anxiety Disorder, 5. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
What is a compulsion?
Physical or mental repetitive acts or behaviors
Explain the biopsychosocial model and its significance to our understanding of psychological disorders
Consider the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural influences on abnormality; people are too complex to understand unidimensionally
How does MDD differ from PDD?
Time, severity of symptoms, episode v. chronic
This disorder is characterized by the fear of negative evaluation in social situations
Social anxiety disorder
For BDD: how might thoughts differ between someone with good insight compared to poor/low insight
Good: I look ugly, Poor/low: I am completely deformed
What do we mean when we refer to "insight"?
How aware the client is that their disorder is affecting their functioning and overall wellbeing - the belief that their disorder is a problem and needs to be addressed
Explain the differences between a manic and hypomanic episode
What are 3 of the 6 symptoms needed to diagnose GAD?
1. Restlessness; feeling on edge, 2. Easily fatigued, 3. Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank, 4. Irritability, 5. Muscle tension, 6. Sleep disturbance
What is the typical insight for someone with OCD, and why?
Good - accompanied by unsuccessful attempts to stop bxs
When we say a change in one's cognitive state, what do we mean, and what might be an example of evidence that someone has had a change of cognitive state?
Impact on cognition and thinking; consciousness, awareness, negative self-talk, self-blame...
What are 5 of the 9 symptoms needed to diagnose MDD?
1. Depressed mood (most of day, almost every day), 2. Diminished interest/pleasure, 3. Weight change, 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia, 5. Changes in motor behavior/functioning, 6. Fatigue/loss of energy, 7. Feelings of worthlessness; excessive/inappropriate guilt,8. Difficulty concentrating, 9. Thoughts of death/suicide
Give one example of a cause or risk factor from each biopsychosocial factor (3 total) for anxiety disorders, broadly
Bio: brain abnormalities (overactive amygdala), chemical imbalance, genetics. Psycho: conditioning, cognitive distortions, neuroticism. Social: childhood adversity, parenting style, bullying
Give one example of a cause or risk factor from each biopsychosocial factor (3 total) for OCD
Bio: communication between inner/outer brain, genetics, brain structure. Psycho: conditioning --> habit, perfectionism, internalizing tendencies. Social: stress, trauma, experiences --> compulsive bx or fear
What do we mean when we say "best-fit diagnosis"?
Most appropriate dx based on client's current presentation; process of ruling out differential dx to best explain client's presenting problem(s); considering differences in diagnostician training and worldview when influencing diagnosis given...
Explain the difference(s) between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders.
Bipolar I: experience of one manic episode; 1 week
Bipolar II: hypomanic (4 consecutive days) and depressive episodes (5 of 9 symptoms during 2 week period)
How do we tell everyday anxiety apart from an anxiety disorder? Give at least 2 of the 4 ways
1. spontaneous, unpredictable anxiety/panic, 2. maladaptive anxiety response to nonthreatening situation, 3. impaired functioning, 4. excessive and irrational fear and dread
What is the obsessive-compulsive cycle, and briefly explain what happens at each stage
(1) Obsessive thought, (2) anxiety or fear, (3) Compulsive bx, (4) temporary relief
How can we tell the difference between typical, expected sadness and a clinically relevant major depressive episode?
Impact on functioning, significant emotional distress, severity of symptoms, length of time since sxs occurred, adaptive/maladaptive response in proportion to event...