Chapter 1
This term refers to the study of the causes or origins of diseases.
What is etiology?
These specialized cells handle information processing for particular functions within the nervous system.
What are neurons?
During a mental status examination, this area involves determining whether the person knows who they are, where they are, and what time it is.
What is sensorium?
This type of descriptive research involves taking an in-depth look at a single individual.
What is a case study?
In clinical description, this term refers to how common a particular disorder is within a population at a given time.
What is prevalence?
These cells provide support and nutritional benefits that help keep nerves functioning properly.
What are glial cells?
This type of interview uses targeted, scripted questions and is typically based on diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis.
What is a structured or semistructured interview?
A correlation coefficient of +1.00 indicates what type of relationship between two variables?
What is a strong positive relationship?
This historical approach involved treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible while emphasizing interpersonal relationships and social interaction.
What is moral therapy?
This neurotransmitter is associated with voluntary movement, sleep, mood, attention, and reward and has been implicated in Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
What is dopamine?
A clinician observes a child's behavior at home and records what happens immediately before and after the behavior. What three components should the clinician consider?
What are antecedents, behaviors, and consequences?
In an experiment, participants who receive the researcher's manipulation are placed into this group.
What is the experimental group?
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this component of personality is driven by sexual and aggressive energies and operates according to the pleasure principle.
What is the Id?
Damage to this structure in the midbrain can result in a coma, and it plays an important role in consciousness.
What is the reticular formation?
A clinician administers an MRI because they want to examine abnormalities involving brain structure and function related to oxygen flow. What assessment tool are they using?
What is neuroimaging?
Researchers want to compare a new treatment with a group that is similar in every way except that it does not receive the experimental manipulation. What is this group called?
What is the control group?
A student receives a poor grade and says, "The professor made the test impossible, so there was no way I could have done well." According to psychoanalytic theory, this defense mechanism involves distorting the facts to make an event less threatening.
What is rationalization?
A researcher examining depression considers learned helplessness, cognitive processes, neurotransmitters, emotional regulation, cultural influences, and social support. This illustrates what central principle of the integrative approach?
What is no single dimension works in isolation?
The DSM-5 places greater emphasis on this type of assessment, including information about the severity of a disorder, rather than relying exclusively on distinct diagnostic categories.
What is dimensional assessment?
A treatment produces a statistically significant improvement in depression scores, but the improvement is so small that patients report virtually no meaningful change in their everyday lives. This distinction illustrates the difference between what two concepts?
What are statistical significance and clinical significance?