Drug Administration
What is the most common way a drug is administered?
Orally or by mouth
What oral medication is absorbed faster than capsules and tablets?
liquid meds
How are drugs are delivered throughout the body?
circulatory system
What are the enzymes that have potential for drug interactions when multiple drugs compete for the same pathways?
the Cytochrome P450 family of enzymes
What is the phenomenon that determines how much drug is available to act on the brain?
protein-binding
What is the name of an orally dissolving tablet?
Melt tablets or sublingual tablets
What is determined by the form of the drug when the drug is introduced orally?
The rate of absorption
What is the first organ that oral drugs encounter?
liver
What is the reason geriatric patients need drug dosage to be reduced to avoid toxicity?
their decreased liver enzyme activity and slowed peristalsis
What is the term that describes the average time required to eliminate one-half of the drug's concentration?
half-life
What are the ways medication can be introduced into the body?
orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly (IM), intradermally, intranasally, inhalational, sublingual, transdermally, and intravenously
What are the 2 benefits of slow or extended release forms of medication?
fewer doses of medication per day and fewer side effects
What is the process of the liver breaking down oral drugs into nonactive metabolites?
first-pass metabolism
What are two reasons that a drug's metabolism might decrease?
Liver or kidney disease
What determines how easily a drug crosses a cell membrane?
lipid or fat solubility
What is a common way to introduce medication in a more acute setting such as a hospital?
intramuscular or intravenous injections
Where does absorption usually occur?
stomach and duodenum (the first segment of the small intestines)
What is the target for psychotropic drugs?
Neurotransmitter receptors and transporters in the brain/ Central nervous system
What is the name of the drug that is not metabolized by the liver and is excreted unchanged by kidneys in urine?
lithium
What is the therapeutic index?
the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose
What are some names of long-acting intramuscular injections for chronically mental ill patients?
Haldol, fluphenazine, and risperdone
What is not fair?
FREEE POINTS
What are the other factors that can affect drug absorption?
protein binding ability, drug half-life, and lipid solubility
SOMETHING REALLY HARD
FREE POINTS YOU WIN A CUPCAKE
When one drug enhances the effect of a second drug
What is synergistic effect?