Base info
What were the names of the couple who pioneered the study of psychosocial development?
Erik and Joan Erikson
Basic trust
A sense that the world is trustworthy and predictable.
Late Adulthood. "Reflecting on their lives, older adults may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure."
Around what age are children able to recognize themselves in a mirror?
6 months
Self-concept
An understanding and evaluation of who we are.
Adolescence. "Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are."
Why did the Eriksons believe play was important for adults?
They believed that adult life was too serious and boring and that play leads to many benefits
Attachment
Children who form a positive self-concept are more confident, independent, assertive, and sociable.
At what stage may people struggle to form close relationships?
Young adulthood. "Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated."
What criticism of the Eriksons related to pasivity?
stage eight suggests a move from activity to passivity, but many people are highly productive, active members of the community in their later years.
Stages of development definition
Every stage of life has its own task/crisis that needs resolution
At what stage might people feel a lack of purpose in their lives?
Middle Adulthood. Middle-aged people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.
What was the Erikson "equation?"
As age increases, familial attachment decreases, and peer attachment increases.
Play
Something to do "for your own pleasure because you find it amusing and enhancing somehow."
Toddlers might feel shame and doubt over the abilities, preschoolers might feel guilty about their efforts to be independent.