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The treatment for psychosocial short stature.
What is removal of the child from the adverse environment?
Psychosocial short stature is a syndrome encompassed by children who live in psychological deprivation and develop short stature with or without concomitant FTT or delayed puberty. Removal of the child from the adverse environment typically results in rapid improvement in endocrine function and subsequent rapid somatic and pubertal growth of the child.
True or False: Child neglect is defined by omissions that prevent a child's basic needs from being met.
True.
A child's basic needs include adequate food, clothing, supervision, housing, health care, education and nurturance.
True or false. A history of having witnessed intimate partner violence as a child is a strong predictor for becoming a batterer in adulthood.
What is true?
A history of having witnessed intimate partner violence as a child is a strong predictor for becoming a batterer in adulthood. Children who grow up in violent households learn that violence is appropriate in intimate relationships. Intervening on behalf of battered women may be one of the most effective means of preventing child abuse.
Prenatal use of alcohol can damage the fetus resulting in this spectrum disorder.
What is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?
At the most severe end of the spectrum, this teratogen causes the fetal alcohol syndrome characterized by in utero and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, intellectual disability and a characteristic dysmorphic facial appearance. Other manifestations include birth defects, problems with coordination, attention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, learning or behavior.
Collective term for changes in serum electrolyte concentrations and complications associated with rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation.
What is refeeding syndrome?
With the rapid reinstitution of feeding after starvation , fluid and electrolyte homeostasis may be lost. These changes typically affect phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium and can result in life threatening cardiac and neurologic problems.
This is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from physical abuse.
What is abusive head trauma?
Abusive head trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality from physical abuse. Most victims are young, infants predominate. Shaking and blunt impact trauma case injuries. Perpetrators are most commonly fathers and boyfriends, and the trauma typically is precipitated by the perpetrator's intolerance to a crying, fussy, infant.
It is the second leading cause of death for all children 1 to 19 years of age.
What is homicide?
Each year, nearly 6000 children are victims or homicide and 4000 commit suicide. Youth violence is a problem in urban, suburban and rural communities and affects children across race and gender.
True or False: Foster care alumni report rates of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse and post traumatic stress disorders that are two to six times less than the general population.
What is false?
Foster care alumni report rates of anxiety disorders, depression, substance abuse and post traumatic stress disorders that are two to six times higher than the general population.
It is often diagnosed by weight that falls or remains below the 3rd percentile for age, decreases, crossing two major percentile lines on the growth chart over time, or is less than 80% of the median weight for the height of the child.
What is failure to thrive?
True or False: Genital injuries are seen more commonly in children who present for medical care within 72 hours of their most recent assault, and in children who report genital bleeding, but they are diagnosed in only 5 to 10% of sexually abused children.
What is True?
Genital injuries are seen more commonly in children who present for medical care within 72 hours of their most recent assault, and in children who report genital bleeding, but they are diagnosed in only 5 to 10% of sexually abused children. Many types of sexual abuse (fondling, vulvar coitus, oral genital contact) do not injure genital tissue, and genital mucosa heals so rapidly and completely that injuries often heal by the time of the medical examination.
This form of aggression peaks during middle school, where a child repeatedly and intentionally intimidates, harasses or physically harms another child.
What is bullying?
Technology-assisted bullying behavior or cyber-bullying has become a major concern. Psychosocial consequences of being bullied include depression and suicidal ideation. Although most bullies do not progress into serious violent offenders, violent behavior that continues into high school years indicates the potential for severe violent behavior in adulthood.
Use of this recreational drug by mothers in the neonatal period has been associated with prematurity, intracranial hemorrhages and abrupt placenta
What is cocaine?
Use of this cocaine in the neonatal period has been associated with prematurity, intracranial hemorrhages and abrupt placenta. Exposure to opiates can result in prematurity and neonatal withdrawal syndrome. Investigations of the effects of cocaine and opiates on cognitive development has produced mixed results.
Children with FTT may suffer from this complication, in which recurrent infections exacerbate malnutrition, leading to greater susceptibility in infection.
What is a malnutrition-infection cycle?
Children with FTT must be evaluated and treated promptly for infection and followed closely.
The primary mechanism of abdominal injury in child abuse.
What is blunt trauma to the abdomen?
Abdominal injury is an uncommon but serious form of physical abuse. Injuries to solid organs, such as the liver or pancreas, predominate and hollow viscus injury occurs more commonly with inflicted trauma than accidental. Even in severe cases of trauma, there may be no bruising to the abdominal wall. The lack of external trauma, along with the usual inaccurate history, can cause delay in diagnosis
Use of this recreational substance is common in episodes of adolescent sexual assault, occurring in approximately 50% of cases.
What is alcohol?
Alcohol use is common in episodes of adolescent sexual assault, occurring in approximately 50% of cases. Drugs such as benzodiazepines, cocaine and marijuana may also contribute. Flunitrazepam (rohypnol) and gamma hydroxybutyrate are two commonly implicated drugs that cause sedation and amnesia, especially when used in conjunction with alcohol.
True or false: Having a homosexual parent can cause increased problems in the parent-child relationship or the child's social emotional development.
False.
Having a homosexual parent does not cause increased problems in the parent-child relationship or the child's social emotional development. Nonetheless distress related to teasing or maintaining the parent's secret may be great for some children, especially in early adolescence when issues of peer acceptance, sexual identity and separation from one's parents are especially strong.
The diagnosis for a child who is shy, passive, depressed and socially withdrawn. Symptoms include polyphagia, polydipsia, hoarding and stealing of food, gorging and vomiting, drinking from toilet bowls. There is decreased growth hormone secretion which improves when the patient is removed from the adverse environment.
What is psychosocial short stature?
True or false: Most perpetrators of sexual abuse are strangers who sexually assault the child.
What is false?
Most perpetrators are adults or adolescents who are known to the child and who have real or perceived power over the child. Most sexual abuse involves manipulation and coercion and does not involve physical violence. Assaults by strangers occur, but are infrequent.
Daily double: These are the two strongest risk factors for children who begin their violence early in life.
What are early substance abuse (<12 years) and penetration of nonviolent, serious crimes during childhood?
Additional risk factors include poverty, male gender, and antisocial behavior. For children who begin their violence during adolescence, individual risk factors are less important, whereas factors related to peer groups are most important. Gang membership, associating with antisocial or delinquent friends, being unpopular in school, and having weak ties to conventional peer groups are important risk factors for adolescent-onset violence.
Double Jeopardy:
Syndrome where a child who is ill early in life continues to be viewed by the parents as vulnerable despite that the child has fully recovered. Parents attempt to provide too much protection for their child can cause problems.
What is vulnerable child syndrome?
Syndrome where a child who is ill early in life continues to be viewed by the parents as vulnerable despite that the child has fully recovered. Behavioral difficulties may result if parents are overindulgent and failure to set limits. Parental reluctance to leave may contribute to separation anxiety. Parents may be particularly attentive to minor variations in bodily functions, leading them to seek excess medical care. IF the physician does not recognize the situation, the child may be exposed to unnecessary medical procedures.