Depressive Disorders
Name 3 of the 6 theories that explain gender differences of depression between men and women.
Artifact theory
Hormone explanation
Life stress theory
Body dissatisfaction explanation
Lack-of-control theory
Rumination theory
What is the primary difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?
B I - manic episode
B II - hypomanic episode
What is the difference between a primary gain and a secondary gain?
Primary - Suppresses emotions by redirecting the energy to their body so they don't have to feel these emotions
Secondary - Symptoms caused by emotions cause one to avoid activities that may further cause unpleasant emotions or to receive sympathy
What is the most critical feeling that is related to suicide risk?
Feelings of hopelessness
What is learned helplessness?
When someone beleives they no longer have control over the reinforcements (the rewards and punishments) in their lives, and they themselves are responsible for this helpless state
What are the 4 types of major depressive disorder?
Seasonal
Catatonic
Peripartum
Melancholic
What is cyclothymic disorder?
A milder form of bipolar disorder categorized by its brief and not as severe depressive and hypomanic/manic episodes
What is the difference between a factitious disorder and malingering?
Factitious disorder - making themselves ill to play the sick role/patient
Malingering - faking symptoms for external gain
What is retrospective analysis?
Clinicians and researchers gather data from the suicide victim's past by interviewing relatives, friends, therapists, or physicians about past statements, conversations, and behaviors made by the person who committed suicide.
Who introduced maladaptive attitudes, a cognitive traid, errors in thinking, and automatic thoughts as a reason for depression?
Beck
Why is maintenance therapy often necessary when treating a depressive disorder?
To prevent symptoms from reappearing
T/F: Suicidal ideation is considered a symptom of a manic episode
What is conversion disorder?
A disorder in which bodily symptoms affect voluntary motor and sensory functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases
Which type of therapy is the most effective for people thinking about committing suicide?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Name and explain 3 of the 5 areas of functioning that exacerbate symptoms of depression.
Emotional
Motivational
Behavioral
Cognitive
Physical
T/F someone with an internal, global, and stable view of the world is less likely to develop a depressive disorder compared to someone with an external, specific, and unstable view.
False
What is a manic episode and how long should it last to be classified as one?
Abnormal, inflated, unrestrained, or irritable mood as well as continually heightened energy or activity, for most of every day.
What is somatic symptom disorder?
Excessively distressed, concerned, and anxious about bodily symptoms that one is experiencing with no physical basis for the symptoms
Name 3 of the steps the counselor must follow when answering the telephone of a suicide hotline:
1. Establish a positive relationship
2. Understand and clarify the problem
3. Assess the caller's suicide potential
4. Assessing and mobilizing the caller's resources
5. Formulate a plan
An older person retires and begins experiencing health problems. They also lose contact with friends and become unpleasant to be around. From a behavioral perspective, their depression can be explained as a result of:
Loss of positive social rewards
List the 4 phases of cognitive-behavioral therapy when treating depressive disorders.
Phase 1: Increasing activities and elevating mood
Phase 2: Challenging automatic thoughts
Phase 3: Identifying negative thinking and biases
Phase 4: Changing primary attitudes
How may mood stabilizers help someone who experiences manic episodes?
Stabilize both the manic episodes and depressive episodes (manic more than depressive)
What is illness anxiety disorder?
When someone is chronically anxious about their health and is convinced that they have or are developing a serious medical illness, despite the absence of somatic symptoms
If someone who was previously suicidal shows diminishing signs of depressive symptoms, their risk may have:
T/F When treating a conversion disorder, a behavioral therapist would reduce the amount of rewards the patient receives when they display the disorder.
True