Galveston Hurricane
This disaster indirectly caused the rise of another Texas city as a major economic center.
Houston
This event marked the beginning of Texas’s transformation into an industrial power.
Spindle Top
This reform gave citizens more direct power, similar to how railroads gave businesses more direct access to markets.
Initiative, referendum, or recall?
This event came AFTER World War I but had a more devastating effect on everyday Texans
Great Depression
This event brought the U.S. into WWII
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
This natural disaster struck Galveston in 1900.
Hurricane
This is the MOST important long-term effect of Spindletop—not the immediate one.
Industrialization / economic expansion
Railroads mainly helped move these two things across Texas.
goods and people
This is the BEST explanation for why WWI boosted Texas’s economy
Increased demand for goods, food, and military supplies
Analyze how WWII created BOTH immediate benefits and long-term challenges for Texas society.
economic growth + social tensions / inequality / adjustment after war
This type of government reform came directly from the failures exposed by the hurricane.
Commission System
This resource was discovered at Spindletop.
oil
Explain how railroad expansion created the NEED for Progressive reforms.
rapid growth → problems (crowding, corruption, inequality) → reforms needed
This environmental disaster worsened the Great Depression in Texas
Dust Bowl
Explain how WWII accelerated urbanization in Texas.
jobs in cities → migration → city growth
This is the BEST explanation for why Galveston never fully regained its economic dominance.
loss of investor confidence / shift of trade to Houston
Explain how Spindletop contributed to BOTH urbanization and economic growth.
Jobs → people moved to cities → cities expanded → economy grew
This amendment expanded democracy, similar to how railroads expanded opportunity.
19th Amendment
Compare the role of government during WWI vs the Great Depression
limited role in WWI vs expanded role (New Deal) in Depression
This war lasted from 1939 to 1945
WWII
Evaluate whether the hurricane had a greater political or economic impact on Texas, and justify.
Economic (shift to Houston) OR political (government reform), with justification
Without Spindletop, Texas would have been LESS important during this later global event.
WWI
Which had a GREATER long-term impact on Texas: railroads or Progressive reforms? Defend your answer.
What is either, with strong justification (economic vs political/social impact)
This program helped people during the Depression but also increased federal government influence long-term.
New Deal
This event officially made Japan surrender and ended WWII
The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki