Sensory overload
Which cells form myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
True or False: Spinal nerves are a part of the CNS that carry motor neurons
False – spinal nerves have both sensory + motor, apart of PNS
What is the term for memory in the time frame of a few minutes or hours?
Short term memory
What are the various systems underlying postural control? Hint: There are three
Somatosensory, vestibular, visual
What is the insertion of the gluteus Medius? Bonus: what is the action of this muscle (as a whole)
Greater trochanter. Bonus: Hip abduction, IR, and ER
True or false: the spinothalamic tract carries sensory information from the ipsilateral (same side) of the body.
False – spinothalamic tract crosses over at the SC --> carries information from contralateral side of the body
Harry is being seen in PT for his initial evaluation. His PT would like to examine his deep tendon reflex at Harry’s patellar tendon. When this reflex occurs, what sensory ending is stimulated?
Primary muscle spindle ending
What area of the brain connects memory to emotional associations
Amygdala
Your patient is complaining of having “bad balance”. During your exam you find that they have no loss of balance while standing on a firm, or soft surface with their eyes open. However, when you ask the patient to close their eyes while standing on a firm surface, they exhibit impaired balance. What system is the most likely cause for their symptoms?
Visual
When applied to questions of treatment effects, the “I” in PICO stands for:
Active Intervention
What are the two tracts that relay sensation? What sensations do they transmit?
Spinothalamic
Name 3 clinical presentations of an upper motor neuron lesion
What is the part of the brain which assists in balance and coordination, as well as functioning as an error detector?
Cerebellum
You are walking down a cobblestone street in Boston and suddenly trip, however catch yourself before you fall. What type of postural control is this?
Reactive postural control
This type of diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which no or limited insulin is produced.
Type 1
How would a lesion of the right dorsal column (DCML) at the level of L1 affect light touch, vibration, proprioception, pain, and temperature? Which side would the impairments be on?
Absent light touch, vibration, proprioception on right leg (same side affected)
Absent pain and temperature on the left leg (opposite side affected)
Name the paths of the 1st order neuron, 2nd order neuron, and 3rd order neuron of the spinothalamic tract
Which aspect of the vestibular system provides sensory input about head angular velocity?
Semicircular canals
You are walking on a balance beam and notice yourself losing your balance. Before taking another step, what strategy will you most likely use to regain your balance?
Hip strategy
What is the distribution of symptoms for peripheral neuropathy?
Distal extremities (Stocking-glove)
Label the sensory tracts on this diagram and explain the functions of each tract
Label the sensory tracts on this diagram and explain the functions of each tract
Medial vestibulospinal tract – Regulates head position in response to vestibular stimuli
Tectospinal tract – influences LMN’s that control axial muscles of neck
Rubrospinal tract – LMN going to distal upper limb muscles
Reticulospinal tracts – coordinates proximal limb + axial muscles
Anterior corticospinal tract – voluntary movement of IL limbs
Which lobe of the brain contains areas which are in charge of motor control, problem solving, and Speech production?
Frontal lobe. Motor control (premotor cortex), Problem solving (prefrontal cortex), Speech production (Broca’s area)
Which test/measure is extremely helpful in predicting potential future health status, functional decline, discharge location, and mortality?
Walking speed
What are some things to educate patients on who are dealing with peripheral neuropathy
Routine skin checks, wash feet daily, cut toe nails straight across, use lubricants on dry skin