Ankle/Foot
The position of the foot/ankle that helps with stability in the late stance phase of gait.
What is supination?
Arthrokinematic motions that occur with OKC hip internal rotation in a seated position
What is femoral superior roll with inferior glide?
When the COM is displaced the highest in running.
What is midfloat?
Meaning of the term "one degree of freedom"
What is a joint that only moves in one plane of motion?
Where articular cartilage gets its nutrients
What is synovial fluid?
Movement of the menisci during OKC knee flexion
What is posteriorly?
The function of the foot intrinsic muscles during the late stance phase of gait.
What is stabilize the foot for push off?
Effect of tight hip extensors on the pelvis and lumbar spine
What are posterior pelvic tilt and reduction of the lumbar lordosis?
Relative position of opposite ASIS at initial contact in running.
What is anterior to the ASIS on the reference limb?
Definition of arthrokinematics
What is the movement of one joint surface relative to its opposing joint surface?
Motion induced by an external force AND a voluntary muscle contraction
What is AAROM?
The arthrokinematic motions that tighten the PCL
What are posterior tibial glide (OKC) or anterior femoral glide (CKC)?
The difference between a bi-malleolar versus a tri-malleolar fracture.
What is a fractured posterior tip of the medial malleolus in a tri-malleolar fracture?
Frontal plane position of the hip joint at initial contact
What is slight adduction?
The reason for maximum knee flexion during running.
What is to reduce the mass moment of inertia of the swing leg?
The characteristics of a close-packed position.
What are taut ligaments, joint congruity, and stability?
The most common type of cartilage lining our joint surfaces
What is hyaline cartilage?
What the patella does for us
What is it improves quads' mechanical advantage by increasing their moment arm?
Functions of the plantar aponeurosis
What are to maintain/support the MLA and improve push-off in gait?
The capsular pattern of the hip
What is IR most limited, followed by flexion/abduction, with no limitation in ER/add?
Type of contraction in the hamstrings from midswing to initial contact.
What is an eccentric contraction?
The definition of torque
What is the tendency of a force to create rotational motion around an axis?
Viscoelastic tissues respond more stiffly to this
What is a faster rate of loading?
The nerve that innervates all muscles of mastication
What is the trigeminal nerve, or cranial nerve V?
Muscle weakness in the ankle that could result in a high steppage gait (excessive knee and hip flexion in swing).
What are weak dorsiflexors?
relative hip joint motion when the pelvis posteriorly tilts on a fixed femur.
What is extension?
The type of contraction in the glute medius from initial contact to midstance
What is an eccentric contraction?
Tendon tissue is primarily composed of this.
What is type I collagen?
End feel associated with approximation of soft tissue
What is a soft end feel?
The effects of forward head posture on the TMJ
What is retrusion with associated compression of posterior structures and tension in TMJ musculature?
The name for OA of the 1st MTP joint
What is Hallux Rigidus? (also accept Hallux Limitus)
Compensation associated with hip retroversion.
What is toeing out?
The motion of the knee joint during the loading response
What is flexion?
Response of muscle sarcomeres to immobilization in a lengthened position
What is added sarcomeres in series, but loss of sarcomeres in parallel?
The quads performing knee extension are this class of lever.
What is a third class lever?
The TMJ that gets distracted when chewing food on the right side.
What is the right TMJ? (also accept the working side)
The bones that make up the transverse arch of the foot
What are the cuneiforms and cuboid?
The center edge angle of the hip is a measure of this
What is superior acetabular coverage of the femoral head?
Amount of maximal knee flexion in walking vs. running.
What is 60o (walking) versus 100-120o (running)?
Type of muscle contraction that (theoretically) has a constant resistance throughout the ROM.
What is isotonic?
The second phase of fracture healing
What is soft callus formation?
TMJ tissue that pulls the disk posteriorly during mandibular elevation
What is the retrodiskal laminae?
The nerve injury that would result in pes varus
What is injury to the superficial fibular nerve?
Functions of the hip labrum
What are load attenuation, deepening of the socket, and sealing the negative intra-articular pressure?
The point in the gait cycle that the knee reaches peak flexion
What is midswing?
The effect of faster shortening of a muscle on the force of a concentric contraction
What is reduction in force production?
The type of bone remodeling stimulated by hypocalcemia.
What is increased osteoclastic activity?
Arthrokinematics associated with lateral deviation of the TMJ to the RIGHT
What are spin to the right (right TMJ) and ant/inf glide (protrusion) of the left TMJ?
Normal end range PROM for ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion
What are 15-25o, 40-55o, 23o, and 13o?
Stride length is this type of gait descriptor
What is spatial?
What is the resting length?
Exercise parameters that are best for improving articular cartilage health
What are cyclic high rep, low load exercises that promote loading, unloading and gliding?
Muscle of mastication that elevates and ipsilaterally deviates the mandible
What is the masseter?
The arthrokinematic motions in OKC subtalar pronation
What are lateral roll and medial glide of the calcaneus on the talus?
gait speed that is most efficient
What is approximately 3 mph?
The reason pennate muscle can produce more force than parallel
What is that pennate muscle has more fibers packed into the same volume of space?
The tissue in articular cartilage responsible for developing tension during solid phase of loading.
What is collagen?
The horizontal plane bone motion occuring at the knee during OKC screw-home mechanism.
What is tibial external rotation?
The primary motions of the talocrural versus the subtalar joints
What are plantar/dorsiflexion (talocrural) and inversion/eversion (subtalar)?
This phase comprises abt 60% of the running gait cycle.
What is the swing phase?
The definition of a motor unit
What is a single motor neuron with all the fibers it innervates and the NMJs associated with them?
Effect on JRF at the hip of holding a weight in the ipsilateral hand
What is a decrease in the JRF?
TMJ motion that occurs in the frontal plane
What is rocking?
Arthrokinematic motion primarily restrained by the ATFL (ant talofibular ligament)
What is anterior glide of the talus?
Definition of the all or none principle of muscle contraction
What is that all fibers in a motor unit will contract if the motor neuron is activated?
Prone knee flexion is an example of this type of kinetic chain activity.
What is an open-kinetic chain activity?
Components of LEFT lateral deviation of the jaw.
What is left spin and right protrusion?
The motions that together define pronation
What are dorsiflexion, eversion, and forerfoot abduction?
The region of the stress strain curve where an unloaded tissue will return to its original resting length
What is the elastic region?
Glute max contraction type and hip joint arthrokinematics when rising from a squat
What are concentric and spin?
The function of the lateral pterygoid superior head.
What is pulling the disk anteriorly during depression?
The mechanism of injury for a high ankle sprain
What is forceful end-range dorsiflexion?
Portion of the TMJ where translation occurs
What is the superior joint cavity, between the articular eminence and the superior disk surface?
How you'd reduce the patient's mechanical advantage for a knee extension (OKC) exercise.
What is moving the resistance further from the knee joint axis?
The event causing the "opening click" in someone with anterior disk displacement with reduction.
What is reduction of the disk onto the condyle?