Motor Control
What is the difference between retention of a skill and transfer of a skill
Retention: able to perform the same skill practiced
Transfer: able to perform the skill under various conditions and environments or perform a different but related skill
Name the 5 stages of change according to the Transtheoretical Model
Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Name the 3 types of pain mechanisms
nociceptive, nociplastic, peripheral neuropathic
What are 4 core-competencies of Emotional Intelligence?
Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship management
Generally, males vs. females have different communication tendencies at times. Name 2 of these
Direct vs. indirect, apologetic vs. unapologetic, asking vs. not asking questions, therapeutic boundary differences
Name 2 conditions of learning
Practice frequency/type, feedback type/frequency, environment conditions
Define "sustain talk" and give an example
sustain talk: comments made that support the status quo
ie: "by the time I get home I am exhausted and can't imagine trying to go workout"
Name 3 things that can shape an individual's pain response:
past experiences, social context, beliefs, ability to logic/reason, knowledge/edu level, memories, past trauma, fear & anxiety, expectations
Name 1 hallmark sign of self-awareness
self-confidence, self-deprecating sense of humor, realistic self-assessments
Name 2 of the 3 different "temperaments" a child may have
slow-to-warm, challenging, easy
Provide an example of Knowledge of Results feedback
KR: Did you reach your goal?
Goal: Run 400m in <1 min
KR: You ran 400m in 58 seconds.
KP: You sprinted too hard right off the blocks and then were too fatigued coming into the last 100m leg which was not a strong finish.
One of the microskills of MI is reflections. Provide one of the main purposes of using Reflections
2. clarify and make known to the pt you understand
3. Keep the convo going, inspire further discussion
Provide the 2 questions used on the PHQ 2 and the cutoff score for providing the PHQ9
1. How often over the past 2 weeks have you been feeling down, depressed, or hopeless?
2. How often over the past 2 weeks have you had little interest or pleasure in doing things?
3+
Name 3 factors that may impact one's tone and inflection
Proximity to a patient, limit of or extent of physical contact in a situation, authority vs. friendly, eye contact, volume and pace of interaction, dynamics of reciprocal self-development (growth through relationships)
Name 3 integrated therapy strategies that could be implemented during a child's routine?
clear expectations (ie: chart, pictures), improving physical space, priming (clear simple directions & cues), positive reinforcement, AT, increasing opportunities for practice, peer-mediated learning
Pros: motivation, error info guides to goal, association between sensory feedback and movement outcome
Cons: dependency, decreased ability to develop intrinsic feedback, difficulty retrieving from long-term memory
This is an example of _______ by the patient.
I just don’t know how to get over that hurdle. It gets in my way every time. I have really good intentions and then each time I try to do it, it gets harder and harder.
Sustain talk
Explain positive vs. negative framing- which is easier for the brain to perform?
Positive framing - using positive words, words that heal, and generally positive or half-full statements to convey information compared to negative
ie: Everything will be ok vs. Don't worry; There is a 50% chance everything will work out well vs. 50% of cases do not have good outcomes
It is easier for the brain to go from positive to negative than negative to positive - start with positive! Problem solving takes twice as long with a negative to positive shift than vice versa
Name 2 non-verbal signs that may demonstrate someone lacks confidence
Downward eye gaze, closed off body language, head turning away or diverting eye gaze with speaking
Name 3 considerations regarding communication with an older adult in the clinic
speaking clearly & audibly, may need repetition, generally difficult to describe pain, demos and visual cueing or prompting, reminding of tasks or redirection
Implicit: driving home without thinking about it, performing an UQS (procedural- reflexive motor skills, recall generally unconscious)
Explicit: recalling 12 cranial nerves and their functions (declarative- factual knowledge, takes conscious effort)
Name the 4 microskills of MI
reflections, summaries, open ended questions, affirmations
Explain the Chronic Pain Cycle
Pain onset --> fear/anxiety --> brain more focused on the problem --> CNS changes begin --> more pain, more anxiety, less movement (often leads to wt gain and sleep loss) --> continued CNS changes
Name 3 things that someone with high social-awareness may do well
Reads the room, understands peers and patients' emotions, communicates and collaborates well with a team, recognizes others emotions and the impact one's emotions has on such, recognizes and understands dynamics within an organization/team
Name 2 of the 4 main stressors you want to avoid when working with an adult with dementia or cognitive changes
overstimulation, excess fatigue, excess demand, change