T/L Spine
The articular surfaces in a costotransverse joint
What is the articulation between a rib tubercle and a vertebral transverse process?
The amount of lumbar extension ROM that would be considered hypomobile.
What is an end range of anything less than 30 degrees?
The spinal motions most likely to relieve radicular symptoms from nerve root compression in the intervertebral canal
What are unloading (distraction), flexion and/or contralateral sidebending?
Close-packed position of the SI Joint
What is nutation?
Effect of a tight iliopsoas on the pelvis and lumbar spine
What is anterior tilt and increased lordosis?
Kinematic rib motion during lateral flexion of the thoracic spine.
What is ipsilateral depression/approximation and contralateral elevation/distraction?
The direction of vertebral rotation and sidebending in a R thoracic scoliotic curve
What is R rotation and L sidebending?
The motion restricted by the ligamentum flavum AND this ligament's unique characteristic
What is lumbar flexion? AND what is its high elastin content?
The motion most restricted by the orientation of the lumbar facets
What is horizontal plane rotation?
The strongest ligament in the SI joint region
What is the interosseous ligament?
Functions of the pelvic floor muscles.
What are: support for pelvic organs, urogential function, off-loading of passive pelvic organ supports, increase intra-abdominal pressure, and assist with postural adjustments?
The predominant muscles active in the LAST 25% of trunk flexion
What are the hip extensors acting eccentrically?
The osteokinematic motion occurring when the spinous process moves right the left transverse process moves posteriorly
What is left rotation?
The direction the nucleus pulposus migrates AND the portion of the disk that is compressed with spinal extension.
What is anterior migration and posterior compression?
A muscle that quickly atrophies in the presence of low back injury/pain AND its origin/insertion
What is the multifidus, and what are the mamillary bodies of transverse processes and the spinous processes?
The strongest ligament in the SI joint.
What is the interosseous ligament?
Effect that half-kneeling on the L knee has on innominate positions
What is L innominate anterior rotation and R innominate posterior rotation?
Bony landmark that articulates with the rib heads
What are the costal facets/demifacets on the thoracic vertebral bodies?
For the upper ribs: the general orientation of the axis of rotation and the predominant rib motion during forced inspiration
What is medial/lateral and pump-handle motion?
The orientation of a typical lumbar superior articular facet
What is medial (and posterior)?
The abdominal muscle least able to produce trunk flexion torque
What is the transversus abdominis?
The correct description of R lateral pelvic tilt
What is when the R pelvis drops lower than the L side?
When the sacral base moves posteriorly and superiorly relative to the innominates
What is counternutation?
Osteokinematic action of the transversospinalis muscles
Ventilatory action of the serratus posterior superior.
What is forced inspiration?
The spinal motion that offloads the facet joints and loads the disks
What is spinal flexion?
Abodminal Obliques active during left trunk rotation.
What are the right external and left internal obliques?
The detrimental effect of an increased lumbosacral angle
What is increased shear at the lumbosacral junction?
The location of the axis of rotation for the SI joint (roughly).
Anterior to the PSIS, in the interosseous region of the joint
Muscle group most involved in forced expiration
What are the abdominal muscles?
The joint classification of a facet (zygapophyseal) joint
The spinal level of the T7 spinous process
What is T8?
The motion(s) restricted by the iliolumbar ligament
What are flexion, extension, sidebending and rotation?
The correct description of enterocele
What is prolapse of the small intestine?
The effect of left single-leg stance on the pubic tubercles
What is left superior translation compared to right?
A strong sidebending force couple in the lumbar spine
What are the quadratus lumborum and contralateral gluteus medius?
The general orientation of the thoracic facets
What is 15-25 degrees anterior to the frontal plane?
The open-pack position of the thoracolumbar spine
What is moderate flexion?
Four strategies for improving lifting mechanics
What are reducing external moment arm, decreasing rate, decreasing load, and maintaining lordosis?
Orientation of the pelvic inlet compared to the pelvic outlet
What is a more vertical inlet and a more horizontal outlet?
The effect of nutation on the sacrotuberous ligament.
Rib osteo/arthrokinematics with contraction of the external intercostals
What are elevation, gapping, and superior roll/inferior glide?
The arthrokinematics of left thoracic sidebending at the T5/6 segment
What is a superior glide of the R T5 inferior facet and an inferior glide of the L T5 inferior facet? AND
What is distraction of ribs 5 and 6?
The action and innervation of the diaphragm
What are inhalation and the phrenic nerve?
The bony structure that most strongly protects against lumbosacral shear forces.
What are the L5-S1 apophyseal joints? (or articular processes?)
The relative ASIS/PSIS positions in a R anterior innominate rotation OR a L posterior innominate rotation?
What are R PSIS high and R ASIS low compared to L?
The position of the L ILA in a R on L sacral torsion
What is anterior?
The position of the L sacral base and R sacral ILA in a L on R sacral torsion
What is L sacral base posterior and R ILA anterior?
The direction of arthrokinematic rib tubercle motion during INHALATION
What is superior roll and and inferior glide?
The arthrokinematics of right lumbar rotation at the L3/4 segment
What are approximation of the left L3 inferior and L4 superior facets, and gapping of the right L3 inferior and L4 superior facets?
The actions of the liopsoas on the lumbar spine, the trunk, and the lumbosacral junction
What are lumbar sidebending/extension, trunk flexion, and lumbosacral flexion?
Postural assessment findings with R pelvic outflare
What is R ASIS further from midline than the L side?
Relative positions of the ASIS's, PSIS's and pubic tubercles in R upslip
What are R ASIS, PSIS, and pubic tubercle higher than left?
Compensatory motion when forward bending with tight hamstrings
What is excessive thoracolumbar flexion?