General
A PTA is performing manual muscle testing on a peripheral joint. The patient is unable to move through a full range of motion against gravity. What is the next step in the testing process to properly grade the patient’s strength?
The patient should be placed in a gravity-eliminated position and asked to perform the motion again.
The normal ROM values for hip flexion is
120-140
What causes foot slap?
Weakness of the eccentric anterior tibialis.
The ACL is an important ligament in the tibiofemoral joint. Which of the following is this ligament responsible for?
Prevents anterior translation of the Tibia
The patient describes their injury to the PTA. The patient reports they jumped and landed on someone’s foot causing their foot to turn outward (eversion). Which ligament is most likely injured?
Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur in which plane and axis?
Sagittal plane; medial-lateral axis
When performing manual muscle testing to isolate the gluteus maximus, what is the correct testing position for grade 3, 4, and 5?
Patient is prone with knee flexed to 90 degrees, hip in ABD and ER, hip is placed in extension and resistance added in a downward direction
During the gait cycle, the hip requires 20 deg of extension during which phase of gait?
Terminal stance
Stress of repeated contraction of the quadriceps is transmitted through the patellar tendon onto the tibial tuberosity resulting in heterotopic bone formation at insertion is describing What?
Osgood-Schlatter's Disease
A PTA is preparing to perform treatment on the talocrural joint. The PTA notices the 2nd toe has an extended MCP, extended PIP joint, and a flexed DIP joint. What best describes this deformity?
Mallet toe
A patient presents with hip drop on the R pelvis/innominate. This could also be described as abduction of the R innominate.
True
Name the external rotators of the hip.
Piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, quadratus femoris
The PTA observes the patient’s gait. The patient is leaning their body forward at early stance phase just as their weight is being shifted onto the stance leg. What gait deviation is being observed?
weak quadriceps; the center of gravity (COG) is being shifted in front of the knee forcing extension.
A patient performs a squat, What are the arthrokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint during flexion
Roll posterior, slide anterior
What structure increases the stability of the foot and arches during weight-bearing and walking
The plantar fascia
When performing goniometry for glenohumeral abduction, the landmarks are
parallel to sternum; acromion; and shaft of humerus to medial epicondyle
A structural abnormality of the femur due to a bony overgrowth of the femoral neck causing abutment against the acetabular rim and chondrolabral junction best describes
Cam Lesion
A PTA notices their patient is walking with a left hip drop. The PTA decides to perform manual muscle testing. In which muscle group should the PTA suspect weakness?
Right glute med/Left erector spinae
A patient sustained an injury while playing softball. A baserunner slid into the patient while standing on the base resulting in hyperextension of the knee with a planted foot. Which ligament is most likely injured?
ACL
What is the capsular pattern of the subtalar joint?
Limitations of varus range movement
The PTA reads the initial evaluation by the PT. They find that the patient has 60% slippage of a retrolisthesis at L4/L5. What grade and vertebrae are involved in what direction?
there is grade III displacement of the L4 vertebra on L5 in the posterior direction
Describe a compensated left Trendelenburg gait.
Left gluteus medius weakness being compensated by a lateral trunk lean towards the weak side in order to move the COG over the hip joint to create and ABDuctor moment as opposed to an ADDuctor moment
Describe a parkinsonian gait pattern
Short, shuffling gait with frequent freezes, and festinating while turning.
The popliteus muscle plays a significant role in the screw home mechanism. What accurately describes its function in regards to the femur?
ER of the femur during knee flexion, IR of the femur during knee extension
What is the primary function of the transverse tarsal/midtarsal joint in the foot?
Controls pronation/supination posturing