Lumbar/Core
Lumbar facets are oriented in this plane of motion allowing primarily flexion and extension
What is the sagittal plane
This strong ligament in the hip reinforces the capsule anteriorly limiting hip extension. Paraplegics can "hang" on these to maintain hip extension while standing
What is the Y Ligament
During open chain knee flexion the tibia rolls ______ and glides ________
Posteriorly & posteriorly
This motion is the primary movement at the subtalar joint
What is inversion & eversion
This term is used to describe the interval from when one foot contacts the ground to when that same foot contacts the ground again
What is stride
In this type of disc herniation the displaced disc material remains in the disc and annulus remains intact
This fibrocartilaginous tissue attaches to the acetabulum which serves to increase the depth of the acetabulum, improve joint stability, and limit joint mobility
What is the acetabular labrum
This bone acts as a critical support and transmission point in the medial arch, linking the talus to the forefoot and serving as a clinical marker of arch integrity
What is the navicular?
This phase of gait accounts for 40% of the gait cycle and is the period of time that the foot is not in contact with the ground. The primary goal is to advance the limb.
What is swing phase
When rotating to the right, the ______ internal oblique and ______ external oblique contract to create the motion
Right & Left
In a total hip arthroplasty using an anterior approach, these two motions must be avoided until the surgeon clears the patient.
What is extension and ER
This condition of the knee is related to a tracking issue related to pain under the patella due to irritation of the articular cartilage and surrounding tissue.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
This condition is also referred to as "shin splints" and is related to repetitive stress on the tibialis anterior due to poor footwear, over pronation, weak and tight gastroc/soleus
What is medial tibial stress syndrome?
This is a gait deviation that is the result of unequal leg lengths or inability to flex knee the knee on the swing leg. It can be compensated for by plantar flexion of stance leg so swing leg can clear ground
This special test indicates involvement of the femoral nerve and L2-L4 if positive
What is the prone knee bend?
In this hip pathology the tendons get irritated from overload and compression causing lateral hip pain which is worse with laying on the involved side, walking long distances, negotiating stairs, or standing on 1 leg.
What is a gluteal tendinopathy?
With an increased Q angle, you get increased medial joint compressive forces through the knee associated with this condition
What is genu valgus
During closed kinetic chain movement, the leg rotates _______ on the foot during dorsiflexion
What is medially?
A ______ AFO can eventually be adapted to unlock to allow forward tibial progression and DF at the ankle.
What is a hinged or pre-hinged AFO
These two muscles act as a force couple to create an anterior pelvic tilt.
What are the trunk extensors and the hip flexors
This is the angle between the shaft and the femoral neck in the frontal plane which is normally around 125 degrees.
What is the angle of inclination?
During open chain knee extension the tibia ______ rotates on the femur. This is also known as the screw home mechanism
What is externally?
This mechanism of the foot describes how the foot transforms from a flexible shock absorber into a rigid lever for push off during gait
What is the windlass mechanism?
This test is positive if the patient cannot hold a level pelvis for 10 seconds in single limb stance, indicating glut med/min weakness
What is a Trendelenburg sign