Week 1
Pain
Pain
Week 2
Thermal
Thermal
Week 3
US
US
Week 4
Compression
Compression
Week 4
Aquatic
Aquatic
100
What spinal cord tract do pain signals travel through to reach the brain?
Answer: Spinothalamic tract
Resource: Behrens pg 23 and Figure 2.6
100
Name 3 thermal agent modalities that can be integrated into a home program?
Answer: Paraffin, air activated heat wraps, cold packs, ice bath, ice massage, controlled cold units (cryo cuff)
Resource: Behrens pg 74-80
100
What type of energy does ultrasound treatment use to create it’s therapeutic effects within the body?
Answer: Sound waves
Resource: Behrens pg 98
100
Your patient’s blood pressure is 110/66 mmHg. What’s the maximum amount of pressure that can be used during pneumatic compression.?
Answer: 66 mmHg
Resource: Behrens pg 208
100
If a patient is submerged in water up to mid-torso level, approximately what percentage of their body weight are they bearing?
Answer: 25%
Resource: Behrens pg 140
200
Identify three physiological or environmental factors that stimulate the release of endogenous opioids in the body.
Answer: Release of endogenous opiates is stimulated by systemic pain, intense exercise, laughter, relaxation, meditation, acupuncture, and electrical stimulation
Resource: Behrens pg 22
200
According to the hunting response, what happens on a physiologic level with extended cryotherapy durations >20 minutes?
Answer: Vasodilation
Resource: Behrens pg 78
200
During therapeutic ultrasound, which tissues are likely to produce an unwanted pain response when overheated due to sound wave refraction along bony surfaces?
Answer: Periosteum
Resource: Behrens pg 102
200
What is the correct pressure setting for intermittent compression of the upper extremity?
Answer: 30-60 mmHg
Resource: Physio-u
200
In a prone aquatic position with buoyancy cuffs on the ankles, which muscle groups work against resistance and are likely to be strengthened?
Answer: Hip & knee flexor muscles
Resource: Behrens pg 139 & 142
300
What are specialized sensory receptors that detect and respond to a noxious stimulus?
Answer: Nociceptors
Resource: Behrens pg 13
300
What physiologic mechanism prevents heat accumulation during therapeutic heat modalities?
Answer: An increase in blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively cooler from the circulatory system flows into the area.
Resource: Behrens pg 69
300
What type of tissue has the highest attenuation and absorption of sound waves?
Answer: Bone
Resource: Behrens pg 102
300
What pressure does some literature recommend NOT to exceed during intermittent compression therapy due to the possibility of causing harm to lymphatic tissues?
Answer: 30-40 mmHg
Resource: Behrens pg 208
300
Name this hydrotherapy device
Answer: Hubbard tank
Resource: Behrens pg 137
400
Name 3 characteristics of chronic pain.
Answer: Lasts >3 months, lead to long term loss of function, not localized, benefit from a team approach
Resource: Behrens pg 15
400
Which heat modality does not lose heat throughout the treatment duration time?
Answer: Fluidotherapy
Resource: Behrens pg 75
400
What is the first phase of cavitation that causes the gas bubbles in the body to shrink?
Answer: Compression phase
Resource: Behrens pg 98
400
List three key principles to keep in mind when performing residual limb compression wrapping.
Start distal and move proximal
No wrinkles or gaps
Use diagonals
Overlap each section by 50%
Pressure should gradually decrease as you move proximally
Secure wrap with tape (no pins or clips)
Re-wrap every 4-6 hours to avoid slipping
Resource: O’Sullivan pg 866
400
How are ankle weights utilized during aquatic therapy?
Answer: Stability (counteract buoyancy)
Resource: Behrens pg 139
500
According to the gate control theory, which type of nerve fibers inhibit pain transmission at the level of the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord?
Answer: Large A-beta fibers
Resource: Behrens pg 15
500
Name 2 modalities that use convection as their method of heat transfer?
Answer: Fluidotherapy, cold bath (if water is moving), controlled cold compression unit, cryo cuff
Resource: Behrens pg 6
500
When using a 5cm transducer head and a treatment area of 5cm by 10 cm, how long would be the duration time?
Answer: (5 cm transducer head) x (2 times the ERA) = 10 minutes
Resource: Behrens pg 113
500
Name 5 contraindications for compression
Answer:
Malignancy
Hypoproteinemia
Impaired mentation
Impaired sensation
Congestive Heart Failure
DVT or thrombophlebitis
Uncontrolled hypertension
Severe peripheral arterial disease
Vascular insufficiency (stroke or pulmonary embolism)
Pulmonary edema
Skin infection
Fracture site or acute trauma
Superficial peripheral nerves
Resource: Behrens pg 475
500
When manual resistance is applied by the therapist during Bad Ragaz aquatic therapy, what type of contraction is happening? (Consider open vs closed chain and concentric vs isometric vs eccentric)
Answer: concentric closed chain exercise
Resource: Behrens pg 148 and Table 6-6