TZDs (Thiazolidinediones) - glitazones
Pioglitazone
Actos
- Taken by mouth; known as glitazones
- Increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin
- Decreases insulin resistance
- 15mg 30mg MAX 45mg
- Can cause cardiovascular issues
Canagliflozin
Invokana
- Taken by mouth; known as gliflozins
- Cause more glucose to be excreted into the urine instead of reabsorbed into the body
-To help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes but can also help aid the kidneys and heart even if they dont have diabetes
- Flozins inhibit SGLT2, so glucose reabsorption is decreased and lost in urine
- Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tube and 90% of this reabsorption occurs by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
SGLT2 moves sodium down the concentration gradient
Liraglutide
Victoza
- Injectables; also known as incretin mimetics
- Mimic incretin hormone GLP-1 produced in GI tract after a meal, causing increased release of insulin form the pancreas
Define Insulins
Injectables
-Take the place of insulin that is normally produced by the body to move glucose out of the blood into other body tissues where it is used for energy
- Different types include rapid, short, intermediate and long acting
- In the top 200 we have the rapid and the long acting insulins
Insulin Degludec
Tresiba
- Long Acting
- Onset within 2 hours; Duration up to 45 hours
Rosiglitazone
Avandia
- Taken by mouth; known as glitazones
- Increase the sensitivity of cells to insulin
- Decreases insulin resistance
- 15mg 30mg MAX 45mg
- Can cause cardiovascular issues
- Insulin Sensitizer by binding to the PPAR in fat cells and making cells more responsive to insulin
TAKEN OFF THE MARKET DUE TO RISK OF CARIDOVASCULAR ISSUES
Dapagliflozin
Farxiga
- Taken by mouth; known as gliflozins
- Cause more glucose to be excreted into the urine instead of reabsorbed into the body
-To help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes but can also help aid the kidneys and heart even if they dont have diabetes
- Flozins inhibit SGLT2, so glucose reabsorption is decreased and lost in urine
- Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tube and 90% of this reabsorption occurs by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
SGLT2 moves sodium down the concentration gradient
Dulaglutide
Trulicity
- Injectables; also known as incretin mimetics
- Mimic incretin hormone GLP-1 produced in GI tract after a meal, causing increased release of insulin form the pancreas
Insulin Lispro
Humalog
- Rapid acting
- Onset within 30 minutes; Duration 3-5 hours
Empagliflozin
Jardiance
- - Taken by mouth; known as gliflozins
- Cause more glucose to be excreted into the urine instead of reabsorbed into the body
-To help lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes but can also help aid the kidneys and heart even if they dont have diabetes
- Flozins inhibit SGLT2, so glucose reabsorption is decreased and lost in urine
- Glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tube and 90% of this reabsorption occurs by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2
SGLT2 moves sodium down the concentration gradient
Insulin Aspart
Novolog
- Rapid acting
- Onset within 30 minutes; Duration 3-5 hours
Insulin Glargine
Lantus and Basaglar
- Long Acting
- Onset within 2 hours; Duration up to 24 hours
Insulin Detemir
Levemir
- Long Acting
- Onset within 2 hours; Duration up to 24 hours