Motor Learning/Control
Motor learning
Learning a specific skill results in the changes in the CNS that allow the production of a new motor skill.
VOR/Nystagmus
vestibular ocular reflex-generates compensatory movement to prevent LOB, detects speed changes, side-to-side movement
Abnormal VOR - Inability to focus on objects when the head moves
Nystagmus-rapid eye movements
Cognitive Testing
arousal/levels of consciousness-orientation, memory, attention, executive functions
PNF
PNF definition
MS
hardening of myelin sheath
progressive
fatigue level
Mini Mental Status Exam
CSF
Shock absorber, protects the brain, mechanical and immunological protection of the brain, reviewed several times a day
Berg balance scale
maximum obtainable score is 56. 0 points are awarded to answers portraying the lowest level of function while 4 points are awarded to the highest level of function.
Sensory Testing
sharp/dull pain, proprioception, kinesthesia, light touch, deep pressure
Facilitation
Types- quick stretch, vibration, visual and audio feedback, tapping, approximation
ALS
weakened, denervated muscle, progressive
Involves both UMN and LMN
Brainstem
Pons, midbrain, medulla oblongata
Static vs. dynamic
Stationary vs. movement during balance training
DTR's
spinal reflexes-achilles, patellar, triceps, biceps, brachioradialis
Stretch tendon to activate reflex
Inhibition
Types-rhythmic stabilization/inhibition, quick stretch, slow reversal
CVA
types-hemorrhagic or ischemic
Right vs. left
Brunstromm Recovery-stages of tone
Neuroplasticity
The ability of nervous system to change recovery in 2 ways: spontaneous recovery and function-induced
Romberg exercises
Tests & Exercises for balance
eyes closed/open, tandem
30-60 seconds
Dermatome map
used to assess sensory feedback
When use inhibition?
abnormal tone
spasticity
TBI classifications
primary
blast
secondary
Agitated Behavior Scale
Postural control
sensory organization, musculoskeletal system, motor coordination
Dizziness inventory
identify difficulties that you may be experiencing because of your dizziness. Questions as it pertains to dizziness or unsteadiness problems (in the last month)
Sensory Integration
Ability of the brain to organize, interpret and use sensory information, movement, touch, awareness of the body in space, sight, sound, and smell.
Intact system-automatic
When use facilitation?
abnormal tone
flaccid
weakened
SCI
levels of injury/function-example-C6
complications-contractures, pressure ulcers
ASIA score sheet