Disease & Public Health Foundations
A mammogram screening is this level of prevention
Secondary prevention**
This diagnostic process involves listing possible conditions that could explain symptoms and ruling them out one by one.
Differential diagnosis**
This is an environmental agent causing birth defects
Teratogen**
This blood pressure is the measurement of the pressure within the arteries when the heart is relaxed and in between heartbeats.
Diastolic blood pressure
This respiratory virus commonly causes bronchiolitis in infants by inflaming small airways.
RSV
Lack of transportation preventing someone from attending preventive screenings is an example of this framework influencing health outcomes.
Social determinants of health
This diagnostic procedure involves removing a small tissue sample to confirm the presence of disease, especially cancer.
Biopsy
This is the proportion of people with a genotype who show the phenotype
Penetrance
During secondary hemostasis, the clotting cascade produces this protein that stabilizes the platelet plug.
Fibrin**
After his heart attack, Ken was prescribed this type of medication to avoid a future heart attack by preventing platelet sticking (formal name).
Anticoagulant or Antiplatelet (informal: blood thinner)**
A clinic plans to increase vaccination rates but does not define how success will be tracked. This SMART component is missing.
Measurable**
These are four of the five cardinal signs of inflammation.
redness (hyperemia), heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
When cancer cells spread to distant organs through blood or lymph, this process has occurred.
Metastasis**
John was told he has this heart condition that causes fluid to build up in his lungs and legs.
Congestive heart failure
This genetic disorder causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in various organs, primarily the lungs and pancreas.
Cystic Fibrosis
This is the number of new cases of a disease in a given population over time.
Incidence
This cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell size, such as skeletal muscle growth from exercise or thickening of the heart wall from high blood pressure.
Hypertrophy**
A mutation that causes cells to divide uncontrollably often involves damage to these “brake” genes.
Tumor suppressor genes
This genetic mutation increases the risk of developing blood clots including DVTs and PEs, yet many people do not experience any symptoms until there is a problem.
Rescue inhalers, AKA bronchodilators, are critical for patients with asthma when they experience one of these panic inducing episodes.
Bronchospasm**
Type 1 diabetes caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells is an example of this type of disease origin because it begins from processes inside the body.
Endogenous cause
This imaging technique uses magnetic fields and is especially useful for visualizing soft tissues like the brain.
MRI**
This inherited neurological disorder is caused by a dominant gene mutation and leads to progressive movement problems, cognitive decline, and personality changes.
Huntington disease**
Irregular atrial contractions that allow blood pooling and clot formation increase risk of this neurological event.
Ischemic stroke**
This lung disease leaves people short of breath due to damaged alveoli trapping air and reducing oxygen exchange.
Emphysema**