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What is public health?
Why is public health controversial?
Communicable disease
Non communicable disease
General
100
What is the main goal of public health?
Prevent disease in the population
100
WHy does public health create economic controversy?
Many public health measures have a negative economic impact on some segment of the population or some industry.
100
Until what point in our history were infectiuous diseases the major source of mortality for human beings?
Until the early twentieth century, infectious diseases were the major killers of humans
100
Why are chronic diseases a significant public health problem
Chronic degenerative diseases are now the leading causes of death in the Unites States. While cardiovascular disease and cancer are primarily diseases of old age, they also strike younger people.
100
What are comorbidities
One or more coinciding condition
200
How does public health differ to medicine?
public health is as concerned with the health of the community as medicine is concerned with the health of individuals.
200
How does public health create moral or religious controversy?
Moral and religious controversy is often generated when public health tries to address sexual and reproductive issues that are important to public health. Sometimes the most effective public health messages offend moralists.
200
What were the main ways in which public health contained the threat of infectuous diseases?
Biomedical scientists achieved their victory by learning a great deal about the causes of infectious diseases, how they act on the body, and how they are spread, and by identifying specific bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause specific diseases.
200
what are chronic diseases?
Cannot be transmitted (non communicable), they have slow tragectories but are responsible for significant mortality and disability in the population
200
Why do comorbidities present a challenge for public health?
Complications in treatment plans Clinical specialties operate in silos Costs of treatment are high
300
How is public health a science?
Through science, public health assesses the health status of the community (as a doctor assesses the health of a patient) and determines a plan for improvement.
300
What is the role of the government in public health?
the primary purpose is to “promote the general welfare” as called for in the United States Constitution.
300
How is infectious disease controlled?
Control of an infectious disease is accomplished by interrupting the chain of infection.
300
What are the major causes of cardiovascular disease
High blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking
300
What is screening and why is it a good public health strategy
Screening for disease can result in detection at an early stage under the assumption that early detection will allow for treatment that will improve outcomes
400
How is politics involved in public health?
Through politics, the community decides whether to accept the plan (as a patient decides whether to accept the doctor’s recommendation).
400
What is the tragedy in the commons?
a situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently in their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource.
400
what is herd immunity
the state of a population that lacks susceptibility to an infection because the majority of the individuals are immunized.
400
Why are chronic diseases so difficult to prevent?
There is no single pathogen that causes chronic disease. Causal pathways are complex.
400
What are the 4 criteria of a screening program?
The disease produces substantial death and/or disability Early detection is possible and improves outcome There is a feasible testing strategy for screening Screening is acceptable in terms of harms, costs, and patient acceptance
500
Name the 5 sciences involved in public health?
epidemiology, statistics, biomedical sciences, environmental health sciences, and the social and behavioral sciences.
500
How do social justice and market justice principles conflict?
Social justice—the concept that all persons are entitled equally to key ends such as health protection or minimum standards of income whereas Market justice—the concept that people are entitled only to those valued ends that they have acquired by their own individual efforts, actions or abilities.
500
What is the chain of infection and what are the components of this chain?
a pattern by which an infectious disease is transmitted from person to person.Host, reservoir, modes of entry and exit, susceptables
500
What is public health's goal in responding to chronic disease?
Understanding the complex causes to better prevent disease
500
What are Koch's postulates
The organism must be shown to be present in every ?case of the disease by isolation of the organism The organism must not be found in cases of other disease Once isolated, the organism must be capable of replicating the disease in an experimental animal The organism must be recoverable from the animal