P.E.R.I. & Evidence
What is the first letter in the P.E.R.I. process, and what does it stand for?
P stands for Problem (What is the health problem?).
What are the two types of rates used to describe the Burden of Disease?
Incidence (New cases) and Prevalence (Existing cases).
This core ethical principle, a cornerstone of research ethics, means "Do No Harm."
Nonmaleficence
This model is based on the idea that an individual's opinion about the severity and susceptibility to a disease determines their action.
Health Belief Model
This term refers to the constant presence of a disease at a low level in a particular population.
Endemic
What type of study design is considered the gold standard for establishing a contributory cause?
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
This metric measures the expected number of years of life lost due to premature death.
Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL)
What are the three distinct philosophical viewpoints on the role of government that influence public health policy?
Market Justice, Social Justice, and Mixed (or blended)
Which model incorporates Reciprocal Determinism... the idea that personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior all interact?
Social Cognitive Theory (or Social Learning Theory)
The process of "screening" is often cost-effective for a chronic disease only if it meets what three basic criteria?
The disease is serious; the screening test is effective/accurate; and early detection improves outcome.
The measure often used in clinical interventions that represents the percent reduction in risk compared to a control group.
Efficacy (or Relative Risk Reduction)
This public health concept is illustrated by the fact that those with the highest wealth and education often have the best health, regardless of country.
Socioeconomic Gradient (or Health-Wealth Gradient)
What legal principle allows the government to infringe on an individual's rights (like mandatory isolation or quarantine) to protect the public's health?
Police Power (or Parens Patriae)
Name three of the ten key categories of the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) discussed in the textbook.
Income, education, occupation, housing, nutrition, stress, transportation, social support, culture, and genetics/biology. (Any three to five of these is acceptable).
What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis (TB), making it a difficult communicable disease to control?
Airborne (or droplet nuclei)
Name the three criteria used in the P.E.R.I. process to help establish a contributory cause (beyond a group association).
Cause precedes effect, Association is strong, and Changing the cause changes the effect.
What does health communications emphasize beyond just providing facts and information?
How the audience perceives the information and what we expect the audience to do. (Focus on the reception and action aspects).
The three core functions of public health are Assessment, Policy Development, and Assurance. Which of these functions includes evaluation of programs?
Assurance
What is the term for differences in health outcomes between populations that are considered systematic, unjust, and avoidable?
Health Disparities (or Health Inequities)
What is the environmental health concept that summarizes the overall harm of an exposure, considering both the route and the amount of the substance?
Risk (or Risk Assessment)
Implementation in the P.E.R.I. process is about how we get the job done. Name the three broad categories of public health interventions outlined in the textbook.
Health care, Traditional public health, and Social interventions.
What are the four key components Riegelman and Kirkwood use to define and measure "Population Health"?
Health issues, Populations, Society's shared concerns, and Society's vulnerable groups.
What is the term for the process of collecting, synthesizing, and distributing relevant data and information to the public health system, as part of the Assessment core function?
Surveillance
Name the five levels of influence (starting from the individual and moving outward) in the Socio-Ecological Model.
Individual, Interpersonal, Organizational/Institutional, Community, and Public Policy (or Societal).
The three key elements that interact to cause environmental disease are the host, the agent, and this third factor, forming the classic environmental health triad.
The Environment