Introductory Topics
This document holds the highest level of legal authority in the United States
What is the Constitution?
This stage of the policy process determines which public health issues receive the attention of policymakers.
What is agenda setting?
This stage of the policy cycle involves translating written policies into action, such as by performing enforcement actions and hiring staff?
What is implementation?
This highest level of judicial authority decides whether current laws, rules, and
previous, lower-level court decisions are constitutional.
What is the Supreme Court?
Policies such as redlining or discriminatory zoning laws are examples of this type of systemic inequality.
What is structural racism?
When one company is the only seller of a drug and can set very high prices, this type of market failure exists.
What is a monopoly?
Actions taken by individuals or organizations to promote policy change or influence public policy are known as this.
What is advocacy?
This is a diagram that shows a sequence linking inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes
What is a logic model?
This form of policy legitimation is subject to a formal comment period.
What is the rulemaking process?
According to WHO, these determinants include the political, economic, and social systems that create health inequities.
What are structural determinants?
This is false information given with the intent to mislead.
What is disinformation?
This form of advocacy involves directly attempting to influence policymakers or legislation by contacting legislators or their staff
What is lobbying?
This section of a logic model represents the initial resources dedicated to a progam/policy
What are inputs?
This is a process invoked in the Senate to delay a vote by keeping a debate from ending. It can be stopped with 60 votes.
What is a filibuster?
This policy approach encourages policymakers to consider health impacts when developing policies in sectors such as housing or transportation.
What is health in all policies?
This word describes the power-sharing relationship between the state and federal government.
What is federalism?
This theory suggests policymaking is heavily influenced by a small group of powerful individuals.
What is elite theory?
This theory of decision-making views formulating policy as a rational, decision-based process.
What is the rational comprehensive model?
This committee in the House establishes the guidelines for debate and whether amendments will be allowed.
What is the Rules committee?
This economic evaluation compares the monetary costs of a policy with the monetary value of its benefits.
What is cost-benefit analysis?
When a factory pollutes the air and nearby residents experience health problems, this type of market failure is occurring.
What is an externality?
In Kingdon’s framework, these three streams must align for policy change to occur.
What are the problem, policy, and politics streams?
This theory of decision-making views policy formulation as a series of gradual changes made to existing policy.
What is incrementalism?
This is a process in the House in which normal rules are waived. This process usually applies to bills that are noncontroversial.
What is suspension of the rules?
This type of study design evaluates the effect of a policy or intervention but does not randomly assign participants to treatment and control groups.
What is a quasi-experiment?