Epidemiology Concepts
A person who has been diagnosed with a health-related state or event.
What is a case?
Occurs when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen towards the host that will ultimately cause an infection (respiratory viruses, pertussis, pneumococcal, pneumonia, and diphtheria).
When does airborne transmission occur and what does it cause?
A field of science that studies the health problems within the populations.
What is epidemiology?
A carrier contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is a case?
The effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it ever happens.
What is primary prevention?
An organism or substance that is capable of producing a disease (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, mold and or parasites).
What is a pathogen?
It transfers the disease from a human to a vector.
What is a vector-borne transmission?
What is an epidemic?
An inanimate (nonliving) object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission.
What is a fomite?
The individual's change in behavior.
What is active primary prevention?
The first disease case that is brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is an index case?
The disease is transferred via a particular vehicles (such as shigellosis or cholera).
What is a vehicle-borne transmission?
An epidemic that arises from a specific source.
What is a common source?
An invertebrate animal (such as a tick, mite, mosquito, bloodsucking fly) that is capable of transmitting an infectious agent to humans.
What is a vector?
The individual's behavior is not required to change from preventing the disease or disorder to occur.
What is a passive primary prevention?
The first disease in the population.
What is a primary case?
It's a vector-borne disease transmission process that occurs when the pathogen, spreads and uses a host (fly, flea, louse, or rat) as a mechanism for a rise, for nourishment, or as part of a physical transfer process.
What is a mechanical transmission?
The ongoing, usual or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group; a disease that is said to be endemic when it continually prevails in a specific regions(s).
What is an endemic?
The habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives (resides), grows, and multiplies and on which it depends for its overall survival in nature.
What is a reservoir?
The health screening and detection activities that are used to identify a disease.
What is secondary prevention?
An individual who is displaying (showing) all the signs and symptoms of the disease but has not be diagnosed with having contacted the disease.
What is a suspect case?
It is a transfer of a pathogen to a susceptible host by a vector, with the pathogen undergoing reproduction, developmental changes or both while in the vector.
What is a biological transmission?
When victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spreads the disease (or virus), further propagating the health problems in the region(s).
What is a mixed epidemic?
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals (such as rabbits, anthrax) that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite or a vector.
What is a zoonosis?
Limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when the disease, injury, or disorder has already caused enough harm.
What is a tertiary prevention?