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Speaking Ethically and Freely
Listening to Speeches
Analyzing Your Audience
Organizing Your Speech
Outlining & Revising Your Speech
100
An audience's perception of a speaker as competent, knowledgeable, dynamic, and trustworthy.
What is credibility?
100
The process by which receivers select, attend to, create meaning from, remember, and respond to senders' messages.
What is listening?
100
Questions that allow for unrestricted answers by not limiting answers to choices or alternatives.
What are open-ended questions?
100
Organization based on location or direction.
What is spatial organization?
100
A detailed outline of a speech that includes main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material, and that may also include specific purpose, introduction, blueprint, internal previews and summaries, transitions and conclusion.
What is a preparation outline?
200
The amendment to the U.S. Constitution that guarantees free speech.
What is the First Amendment?
200
Preconceived opinions, attitudes, and beliefs about a person, place, thing, or message.
What is prejudice?
200
A person's perceived importance and influence based on income, occupation, and education level.
What is socioeconomic status?
200
Arrangement of idea from the most to the least important.
What is primacy?
200
Condensed and abbreviated outline from which speaking notes are developed.
What is a delivery outline?
300
The beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or wrong.
What is ethics?
300
The fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting the spoken messages of others.
What is receiver apprehension?
300
Similarities between a speaker and audience members in attitudes, values, beliefs, or behaviors.
What is common ground?
300
Organization by sequence.
What is chronological organization?
300
Using geometric shapes to sketch how all the main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material of a speech relate to the central idea and to one another.
What is mapping?
400
A behavior, such as flag burning, that is viewed by law as nonverbal communication and is subject to the same protections and limitations as verbal speech.
What is a speech act?
400
The process of using a method or standards to evaluate the effectiveness and appropriateness of messages.
What is rhetorical criticism?
400
The assumption that one's own cultural perspectives and methods are superior to those of other cultures.
What is ethnocentrism?
400
Organization focused on a problem and its various solutions or on a solution and the problems it would solve.
What is problem-solution organization?
400
Numbered and lettered headings and subheadings arranged hierarchically to indicate the relationships among parts of a speech.
What is a standard outline form?
500
Sensitivity to the feelings, needs, interests, and backgrounds of other people.
What is accommodation?
500
A theory that suggests that listeners find it difficult to concentrate and remember when their short-term working memories are full.
What is Working Memory Theory of Listening?
500
Examining of the time and place of a speech, the audience size, and the speaking occasion in order to develop a clear and effective message.
What is situational audience analysis?
500
Supporting material based mainly on opinion or inference; includes hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, and analogies.
What is soft evidence?
500
The American humorist who delivered the speaking notes titled "Roughing It," which was delivered in Liverpool, England, in 1874; as presented in the book.
Who is Mark Twain?