Toulmin's Tactics
This type of reasoning provides a general conclusion supported by specific examples.
What is deductive reasoning?
Words or code systems used to communicate.
What is language?
This form of listening focuses on facts and evidence.
What is content listening?
This is the product when a speech is written out word for word.
What is manuscript speaking?
What is volume?
The word used to describe evidence offered in support of a position.
What is data?
This is reflected when speakers and audiences come from different life experiences including ethnicity, education, sexual preference, to name a few.
What is cultural diversity?
This is the unconscious process of receiving messages.
What is passive listening?
This is the product when there is limited time for preparing a short speech.
What is impromptu speaking?
Looking and people is an attribute of this form of nonverbal communication.
What is eye contact?
The word for the conclusion that the persuader wants others to accept.
What is the claim?
Timeliness, proximity, and personal impact are characteristic of this required element of a speech topic.
What is relevance?
What is paraphrasing?
This is the product when a scripted message is delivered word for word in the absence of any written notes.
What is memorized speaking?
Being fast or slow is a characteristic of this vocal attribute.
What is rate?
This word refers to the reasoning process that connects the support used by the speaker with the conclusion being advanced.
What is the warrant?
Language that is respectful of others and avoidant of potentially offensive language shows this characteristic.
What is linguistic sensitivity?
This occurs when evaluative responses of a speech and speaker that identifies what was effective or could be improved.
What is constructive critique?
Responses from audience members indicating a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the speaker or speech.
What is feedback?
Movements of the hands, arms, and fingers is an attribute of this form of nonverbal communication.
What are gestures?
This describes the process of reasoning where the speaker provides multiple examples in order to draw a conclusion.
What is inductive reasoning?
The use of plural personal pronouns and rhetorical questions are used to create this kind of rapport with audience members.
What is common ground?
This listening strategy uses a special word composed of the first letters of the list of items you want to remember.
What is mnemonic listening?
This is the form of speaking that is planned in advance without exact wording and delivered from limited notes.
What is extemporaneous speaking?
Vocalized sounds that combine to form a word are made by doing this.
What is articulation?