Chemistry
This reaction is a fast reaction that gives off double the heat of other reactions
What is olefin saturation
This catalyst shape provided a huge improvement over cylindrical catalysts
What is a quadralobe
This variable is the single most important variable for hydrotreating
What is hydrogen partial pressure
This variable is typically plotted against WABT to monitor catalyst fouling rate
What is barrels run (or millions of barrels)
The main purpose of hydrotreating is to remove these two contaminants from oil
What is sulfur and nitrogen
This reaction is most often used as the target for hydrotreating reactors
What is desulfurization
This is the recommended limit for catalyst attrition
What is 2%
In normal operation, this variable is the main adjustment to meet product specifications
What is reactor temperature
These are the two types of fouling that occur in catalyst systems
What is coke fouling and metals fouling
Hydrotreating this oil get progressively harder to remove sulfur as it approaches zero
What is diesel
This oil contaminant can numb the catalyst and temporarily deactivate the catalyst
What is nitrogen
The best catalyst is the one that gives the best combination of _______ and _______
What is price and performance
The "tail" of this variable has a very large impact on catalyst fouling
What is distillation
The change in fouling rate from cutting the reactor hydrogen partial pressure in half
What is a multiple of 8
These "easy" contaminants are always removed by hydrotreating catalyst
What are metals
This undesirable reaction is the main cause of reactor runaways
What is thermal cracking or demethylization
These 3 metals are used on catalyst to promote hydrogenation
What is cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum
These variable impacts the system pressure drop and the oil/water separation in the separator
What is viscosity
This process move can sometimes reverse catalyst fouling after an upset
What is a hot hydrogen strip
The presence of this element is used to make hydrotreating catalyst "crack"
What is silicon
These two reactions are reversible
What are aromatic saturation and desulfurization
These are the 3 catalyst characteristics that provide proper structural strength
What is crush strength, attrition, and fines
This kinetic parameter is the opposite of residence time
What is space velocity
The amount a catalyst fouls due to 1 wt% of nickel deposited on the catalyst
What is 5 degrees F
Lowering this type of molecule in the product will improve volume expansion in hydrotreating units
What are aromatics