Etiology
What is the primary cause of emphysema?
Smoking
What happens to airways in chronic bronchitis?
Inflammation and scarring of the bronchial lining obstruct airflow, as well as mucous gland hypertrophy and hypersecretion
What test confirms asthma with airway hyperresponsiveness?
Bronchoprovocation test.
What are some hallmark clinical signs of emphysema, giving it the nickname "pink puffer"?
Marked dyspnea with increased accessory muscle use, barrel chest and cachexia.
This treatment intervention is a staple for those with pulmonary diseases, teaching them to take breaks as needed during activities and to slow them down so as to reduce breathlessness. performed.
activity pacing
Which genetic disorder involves mutations in the CFTR gene?
Cystic fibrosis
In asthma, what leads to increased airway resistance?
Bronchoconstriction and increased mucous production
What imaging method is used to diagnose IPF and quantify damage?
High resolution CT (HRCT)
What clinical features give chronic bronchitis the nickname "blue bloater"?
Cyanosis, persistent productive cough, excessive body fluids.
Patients with cystic fibrosis will require this intervention daily given thick, sticky mucus which can lead to lung infections if not performed.
Airway clearance and secretion management / coughing.
What is the most common environmental cause of chronic bronchitis?
Smoking
Which pathology is characterized by destruction of the alveolar walls leading to permanent enlargement?
Emphysema
Which diagnostic test, used for diagnosing cystic fibrosis, measures sodium and chloride in sweat?
Sweat test.
Patients with restrictive lung diseases, such as interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, will typically demo this in order to make up for their decreased lung volumes.
Increased respiratory rate.
What medical intervention may be offered to a patient with emphysema, removing damaged parts of lungs in order to decrease residual volume and improve efficiency of gas exchange?
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS)
Name 2 triggers for asthma
Allergens: pollen, animals, mold, etc.
Respiratory infections
Cold air or sudden temp changes
Smoke
Exercise-induced
Anxiety/mood
What pathology is it when you have a partial or full collapse of the lung, occurring when the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) lose air?
Atelectasis.
How is chronic bronchitis clinically defined and diagnosed?
Productive cough for at least 3 months per year for 2 consecutive years.
Your patient demonstrates RR >30, increased accessory muscle use, supraclavicular retractions, HR >120, SpO2 <91% on RA, loud biphasic wheeze, and tripoding. What is this indicative of?
Status asthmatics.
What should you do next?
What treatment option may extend the life of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who qualify?
lung transplantation
What occupational hazard is a known cause of lung cancer?
Asbestos
In interstitial lung disease, what does fibrosis of the alveolar-capillary interface lead to?
Decreased diffusion capacity and reduced compliance.
Which diagnostic tests are required to confirm lung cancer?
CT scan with contrast, PET scan, an biospy
What auscultation finding is common in atelectasis?
Decreased breath sounds or crackles on inspiration.
What are some anticipated impairments/consequences when someone with a rib fracture?
Pain, reduced chest wall expansion, impaired ventilation, weak/impaired cough, increased WOB