Electrolyte Disorders & TB
How often do you need a sputum AFB smear on a patient w/TB?
Every month until 2 consecutive specimens are negative
What is the largest/MC cause of all pneumothoraces?
CVC placement
What are the only medical therapies shown to decrease mortality of COPD pts?
smoking cessation and supplemental O2
- vaccines also very important (esp flu)
R sided heart cath (& an echo)
What is it called when a large object, such as poorly chewed meat, lodges in the larynx and causes a sudden collapse and airway obstruction?
Cafe Coronary Syndrome
If you are infected with TB, when will the PPD turn positive?
3-9 weeks after
What is the difference between acute and chronic bronchitis?
Acute: cough for >5 days
Chronic: cough & sputum production for 3mo out of the year for 2 yrs
Reduced FEV1/FVC with minimal response to bronchodilators is the hallmark of what?
COPD
What is a risk factor for malignant mesothelioma?
asbestosis
Does microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (a necrotizing vasculitis) involve granulomatous inflammation?
No; it affects small vessels
- GPA has predilection for upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys
What is the main cause of hyperkalemia?
Renal failure
What disease is most commonly caused by CF, presents with a chronic cough, crackles, hemoptysis, and grape like clusters on a CT?
bronchiectasis
- also have HCRT as gold standard & linear "tram track" markings on a CXR
- worse outcomes w/P. aeruginosa
FVC will be ___ in restrictive lung dz and ___ in obstructive lung dz
reduced, normal
- FEV1 reduced in both
What is the main difference between acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia?
What are the best two predictors of OSA?
obesity and neck circumference
Which two electrolyte disorders can be corrected together?
Hypokalemia and Hypocalcemia
What is the difference between transudative and exudative pleural effusion?
Transudative: increased pressure, fluid clear/milky, interstitial fluid, caused by L side HF, extreme HTN, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, & peritoneal dialysis
Exudative: inflamed, leaky capillaries, fluid cloudy d/t more immune cells & larger proteins (LDH), caused by pneumonia, TB, malignancy, lymphoma, PE, lupus, RA
What is the most important tx for status asthmaticus?
glucocorticoids
- use beta 2 agonists, O2, & ventilation while waiting
What disease will have the finding of eggshell calcifications?
silicosis
(calcification of hilarity lymph nodes)
What is the MC risk factor for ARDS?
sepsis
What are the most common causes of hypercalcemia?
hyperparathyroidism and malignancy
What are the #1 and #2 causes of viral pneumonia in adults?
1. influenza
2. RSV
- in kids it is RSV #1 & parainfluenza #2
An increase of __% or more after inhaling a short-acting bronchodilator and performing spirometry supports the diagnosis of asthma
12%
- bronchoprovocation testing w/inhaled methacholine done if spirometry non diagnostic
What are the two types of NSCLC?
1. Adenocarcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
What position decreases the mortality in ARDS?
prone