Pharm
Bronchodilators such as Beta-adrenergic agonists, Xanthine derivatives, and Anticholinergic drugs all use what route of administration?
What is inhalation?
The most important muscle of ventilation and the nerve that innervates this muscle
What is the diaphragm and phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5)?
A 66-year-old man with a smoking history of one pack per day for the past 47 years presents with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough, productive of yellowish sputum, for the past 2 years. Lung examination reveals a barrel chest and poor air entry bilaterally, with moderate expiratory wheezing. What is the patient's Dx?
What is COPD?
An endoscopic medical procedure that is used to look inside the airways (Bronchi) and the lungs. This procedure may be done to diagnose a disease or condition such as Lung Cancer or infection.
What is a Bronchoscopy?
List the Non-Modifiable Risk Factors for CVD.
What are age, gender, family history, and ethnicity?
What medications are used to treat CF (list two)?
What are Bronchodilators, Mucolytics, Expectorants, Systemic glucocorticoids, Antibiotics, Deoxyribonucleases, CFTR Modulator Therapies, and Pancreatic enzymes?
The movement of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation).
What is Pulmonary ventilation?
A 12-year-old girl presented to the emergency department after her first soccer practice with extreme SOB, cough, and wheezing. What is the pt's Dx?
What is asthma?
This procedure is done to remove excess fluid (a pleural effusion) from the pleural space to help you breathe easier.
What is a Thoracentesis?
Name the 3 shunts that are present in the heart during the development of fetal circulation.
What is Ductus venosus, Foramen ovale, and Ductus arteriosus?
What is the most effective agent for controlling chronic asthma? What should the route of administration be for this drug when a pt is experiencing an acute asthma attack?
What is Glucocorticoids (Corticosteroids) and IV?
List the structures that make up the upper airways.
What is the nose, Pharynx, and Larynx?
Your pt is a 68-year-old man who developed a productive cough four days ago. The sputum is thick and yellow. He developed a fever, shaking chills, and malaise along with the cough. You perform lung auscultation and hear crackles. The pt's chest x-ray shows interstitial infiltrates. What is the pt's Dx?
What is Pneumonia?
This type of testing shows how well your lungs are working. The tests measure lung volume, capacity, rates of flow, and gas exchange. An example is Spirometry.
What is Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT)?
Describe the Chest Wall size and shape in Infants.
• Size:
• Shape:
• Ribs:
• Upper chest:
• Lower ribs:
• Intercostal spacing:
• Size: 1/3 of trunk cavity
• Shape: Triangular
• Ribs: cartilaginous
• Upper chest: Narrow
• Lower ribs: Flared
• Intercostal spacing:Narrow and Limited rib movement
What is the drug of choice for treating COPD?
What is Anticholinergic Drug?
List the 4 functions of the Respiratory System.
What are gas exchange between the atmosphere and blood, homeostatic regulation of body PH, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances, and forms of speech sounds?
The pt is a seven-year-old boy who presents with a fever of 102.1 F (38.9 C) and has felt more tired. He has a chronic cough and his mom stated that there is thick yellow mucus. Higher than normal amounts of sodium chloride were found during a sweat test. What is the Dx?
What is Cystic Fibrosis (CF)?
The pt had a removal of the right upper lobe. What procedure did the pt have?
What is a Lobectomy?
Patients after what surgeries are on lifetime anticoagulation?
What are Mechanical valves?
The cardiovascular adverse reactions of Beta-Adrenergic agonist drugs such as Albuterol are.
What is tachycardia and palpitations?
Two conditions that increase lung compliance.
What is Emphysema and COPD?
Pt is a 51-year-old male with a history of DVTs, morbid obesity, hypertension, and pre-diabetes. He presented to the emergency room s/p 5 days after R TKA with acute onset of dyspnea, substernal chest pain, and hypoxia. What is the pt's Dx?
What is a Pulmonary Embolism (PE)?
1. List the Normal Values for PH, PAO2, PCO2, and HCO3.
2. Your pt's ABGs show that their PH= 7.65, PCO2= 26, and HCO3= 25. What is the Dx?
1. PH:7.35 to 7.45, PAO2: 80-100, PCO2: 35-45, and HCO3: 22-28
2. What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
What is the most common cardiomyopathy
(60% of all cardiomyopathies)?
What is Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)?