Lung Volumes & Capacities
Total volume of inspired and expired air with each breath during quiet breathing, approximately 10% of total lung volume
What is Tidal Volume (TV)?
Soft, low pitched, heard around the peripheral lung segments
What is Vesicular sound?
Dome-shaped skeletal muscle separating thorax and abdomen.
What is the diaphragm?
Lungs are too stretchy and lose elastic recoil.
What is high compliance (or floppy lung)?
Chronic inflammation of the airways caused by increased hypersensitivity to various stimuli
What is asthma?
The volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of maximal expiration. (25% of total volume)
What is residual volume (RV)?
Medium pitched, heard mid chest around sternum.
What is Bronchovesicular?
Diaphragm and external intercostals.
What are the muscles of inspiration?
Resists expansion during inspiration and requires more effort and pressure to fill the lungs.
What is low compliance (or stiff lungs)?
A form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by abnormal, permanent enlargement of the acini, with destruction of the alveolar walls.
What is emphysema?
Maximal volume of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal volume inspiration. (50% of total volume)
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?
Discontinuous, high pitched popping sound, heard more during inspiration. May be associated with restrictive or obstructive respiratory disorders.
What are Crackles?
SCM, scalenes, pectoralis major/minor, serratus anterior, upper traps, erector spinae.
What are accessory muscles?
Elastic tissue, surfactant, cartilage, muscles & ligamants.
What are factors affecting lung compliance?
A progressive, chronic lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, can include bronchitis and emphysema.
What is COPD?
The volume of air in the lungs after normal exhalation: ERV + RV (40% total volume)
What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Continuous “musical” or whistling sound with a variety of pitches heard during both inspiration and/or expiration.
What is Wheeze?
Nerves that innervate the diaphragm.
What are the phrenic nerves?
Low compliance results in a decrease of which of the lung volumes and capacities?
What is IRV, VC, TLC?
A recessive genetic disorder affecting the exocrine glands. Affects multiple systems, but the respiratory and gastrointestinal complications are the most prominent.
The volume change that occurs between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration.
What is Vital Capacity (VC)?
Continuous low-pitched sounds described as having “snoring” or gurgling quality. Typically heard in obstructive or inflammatory airway conditions.
What is Rhonchi?
Mechanical system that generates pressure/volume changes to move air.
What is the ventilatory pump?
High compliance results in which of the lung volumes and capactities?
What is Residual Volume (RV) and Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
A group of disorders characterized by difficulty expanding the lungs and a reduction in lung volumes.
What is Restrictive Lung Disease?