Anatomy
Is O2 count higher in the arterial or venous?
Which PFT parameter best reflects small airway disease?
what is FEF 25–75%
By what timeframe is a patient considered to have ventilator associated pneumonia?
what is mechanical ventilation for >2 consecutive calendar days (>48 h)
Which medication provides rapid relief but does not treat airway inflammation?
what is albuterol
What is the most common pathogen for CAP?
what is Streptococcus pneumoniae
Room air has what % of O2?
what is 21%
If FEV₁/FVC < 80%, what does that indicate?
what is obstruction
What finding most strongly supports a diagnosis of VAP?
what is New infiltrate plus worsening oxygenation
True or False: Bronchodilators fix bronchospasm only, not underlying inflammation.
what is TRUE
NO
what is PaO₂ < 60 mmHg or SpO₂ < 90%
what does Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) help determine?
what is steroid responsiveness
Empiric VAP therapy usually includes what2 agents?
what is MRSA coverage and anti-pseudomonal coverage
What is the MOA of muscarinic antagonists? (SAMAs & LAMAs)
what is block acetylcholine at M3 receptors, ↓ parasympathetic bronchoconstriction
What is an acceptable inpatient ABX regiment for non-severe CAP?
B-lactam + macrolide
OR
Respiratory FQ
Which oxygen delivery device provides the most precise FiO₂?
what is venturi mask
Name the obstructive diseases
what is Asthma, COPD, Emphysema, Bronchiectasis
Name several VAP essential practices for speedy recovery.
what is: elevate head of bead 30-45°, oral care WITHOUT chlorahexidine, avoid benzodiazepines
what can be used for COPD rescue therapy?
What is Irpratropium (SAMA)
What is an acceptable outpatient regiment for a patient with CAP?
Amoxicillin or doxycycline or macrolide
Amoxicillin/clavulanate or cephalosporin + macrolide or doxycycline
Monotherapy with respiratory fluoroquinolone
Why must a simple face mask be set at a minimum of 5 L/min?
what is: To flush exhaled CO₂ from the mask
Name the restrictive diseases
what is Interstitial lung disease, neuromuscular disease, chest wall disorders
what risk factors may increase the need for broader empiric therpay?
what is: IV ABX 90 days prior, ARDS proceeding VAP, ≥5 days hospitalization before VAP,Acute renal replacement therapy
What mechanism leads to bronchodilation from β₂-agonists?
what is increase in protein kinase A
what type of criteria would a patient with CAP need to meet for steroids?
what is ICU admission, respiratroy failure, early in disease progression