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History of Punishment
Goals of Punishment
Imposing the Sentencing Model
How People are Sentenced
Capital Punishment
100
A state or federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for terms on one year or more.
What is a penitentiary?
100
A crime control policy that depends on the fear of criminal penalties. General deterrence measures, such as long prison sentences for violent crimes, are aimed at convincing the potential law violator that the pains associated with the crime outweigh the benefits.
What is general deterrence?
100
A sentencing scheme requiring that offenders serve at least 85% of their original sentence before being eligible for parole or other forms of early release.
What is truth in sentencing?
100
The view that the low rats of crime and delinquency among females reflect the leniency with which female offenders are treated.
What is chivalry hypothesis?
100
The belief that capital punishment creates an atmosphere of brutality that enhances, rather than reduces, the level of violence in society.
What is the brutalization effect?
200
Greek or Roman most common state-administered punishment.
What is banishment or exile?
200
The policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of their repeating their offense in society.
What is incapacitation?
200
A statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be set and carried out in all cases upon conviction for a specified offense or series of offenses.
What is mandatory sentence?
200
A postconviction statement by the victim of crime or the victim's family that may be used to guide sentencing decisions.
What is victim impact statement?
200
This is the issue discussed in Payne v. Tennessee (1991)
What is Victim impact statements?
300
This was developed in the 11th century.
What is common law?
300
A crime control policy suggesting that punishment should be severe enough to convince convicted offenders never to repeat their criminal activity.
What is specific deterrence?
300
A fixed term of incarceration, such, as three years imprisonment.
What is determinate sentence?
300
This family read their victim impact stadium in front of sentencing for Craig Arno for the murder of their son.
Who is the Martin Caballero family?
300
This is the issue discussed in Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
What is the death penalty?
400
The year that penitentiaries began to replace physical punishment.
What is 1820?
400
The philosophy of justice asserting that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished. The severity of punishment should be commensurate with the seriousness of the crime.
What is just desert?
400
Set of standards that defines parameters for trial judges to follow in their sentencing decisions.
What is sentencing guidelines?
400
An extralegal factor that can play a role in sentencing.
What is age?
400
This case determined that the execution of the mentally retarded individual violates the 8th amendment.
What is Atkins v. Virginia (2002)?
500
Most early punishments were done here _______ so as to deter the common man from committing similar crimes.
What is public?
500
The action or practice of awarding each person his or her just due. Sanctions based on equity seek to compensate individual victims and the general society for their losses due to crime.
What is equity?
500
Prison sentence for two or more criminal acts, served simultaneously and run together.
What is concurrent sentences?
500
This gender generally receives more favorable outcomes in sentencing.
What are females?
500
This is the most severe sentence used in the United States
What is capital punishment or execution?