Pure Substances and Mixtures
What is a pure substance made of?
One element or one compound
What is the substance that dissolves into a solvent?
Solute
What happens when you increase the concentration of a solution?
The solution gets darker, and less solute can dissolve
Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture AND what are they also known for?
Cereal, salad, pizza, trial mix, fruit bowl etc. Also known as mechanical mixtures.
What separation technique uses a filter to remove solids from liquids?
Filtration
What is a mixture?
What is a combination or two or substances that do no chemically react
What is the substance that the solute dissolves into?
Solvent
What effect does temperature have on solubility?
Higher temperatures increase solubility for most solids
What is a suspension? Given an example
A mixture where solid particles do not dissolve and eventually settle to the bottom. Ex: Sand and water
What separation method uses heat to turn a liquid into gas, leaving a solid behind?
Evaporation
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous?
Why is water called the “universal solvent”?
Because it is a polar molecule and can dissolve many substances. But it can't dissolve everything!
What happens when you increase pressure on a solution?
More gas can dissolve in a liquid, like in a can of pop
What is a colloid? Give an example
A mixture with very small particles that stay evenly distributed and appear dissolved but aren’t. Ex: mayonnaise
Which technique separates substances in a mixture by how they move through paper? Where is it mostly used?
Paper Chromatography. In the food industry
Give an example of a homogeneous mixture AND what are homogeneous mixtures also known as?
Lemonade, hot chocolate, coffee, iced tea. Also known as solutions
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture that looks like a single pure substance.
How does the size of a solute affect solubility?
Smaller particles dissolve faster than larger ones
What is an emulsion? Give an example.
A mixture of two or more liquids where one forms tiny droplets inside the other. Ex: oil and water
What method is used to separate a magnetic substance from a non-magnetic one?
Magnetism
If a solution has a high concentration and I add more solvent to the solution, what is that process called and what is happening to the solution?
Dilution
What is an insoluble substance?
A substance that does not dissolve in water, like oil.
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that has been heated to dissolve extra solute and forms crystals when cooled
If particles in a liquid are dispersed (and do not dissolve), what kind of mixture is it?
Heterogeneous Suspension
What method is used to separate a solute from a solvent by boiling and condensing?