PVD/IMMUNITY

PVD MEDS

100

what are the 3 anticoagulants

Coumadin- antidote vit K, can cause bleeding/bruisng/gi upset Heparin- may increase INR+PTT, decrease platlet, watch for bleeding antidote protamine sulfate OD- tarry stools, blood Enoxaparin- may decrease platlet, watch for bleeding, careful OTC MEDS, rotate sites, watch for bleeding, dont massage

200

3 Antiplatlets

clopidogrel- cause hemmorrage ab pain, constipation, diahree- dont drink grapefruit ticlopidine- cause brain bleeds garlic/ginkgo biloba/red clover enhance the anticoagulation ----givewith meals OD ^ BLEEDING dipyridamole- cause ecg abnormalities--take as prescribes--montior bp

300

pentoxifylline(trental)

anti inflammatory/ vasodialtor tx poor blood flow SE- nusea/v, dizziness, chest pain NI- avoid nicotine, take with meals swallow whole

400

cilostazol(pletal)

vaso dialtor can tx claudification- helps people w walking SE-dizziness, tachycardia, alergic reaction, edemous extremeties, unusal bleeding NI- take 30m-1hr before meal takes atlest 2 weeks for results, store at room temp our of light, no grapefruit

500

what does the med prevent

thromboemboli--->MI, PE

Arterial

100

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON DISEASE OF THE ARTERIES

arterioscelorsis(hardeneing) atherosclerosis- plague build up

200

risk factors

decreased mobility, smokin*, obesity, stress, diet, htn, dm, hyperlipidemia, sedentary lifestyle NM- age^, gender(F), fam hx

300

RAYNUADS VS BUERGERS

R- women 16-40, intermeittent vasoconstriction (cold, pain, pallor-cyanotic-rubor) PREVENTION- avoid smoking, cold stimuli B- men 20-35, thrombis formation and occulsion of bv aggravated factor- smoking burning pain, color changes, parathesia, gangrene TX- stop smoking, debride, ampuytate

400

intermittent claudification

cramp like pain brought on by excersise relieved by rest causes lactic acid

500

Nursing considerations

keep foot horizontl or depent to oxygenante blood, assess pules, skin color, temp, ABI

Venous

100

Characteristics of venous disorders

aching pain relived by excersise, edema especially at night, warm and tough skin

200

Prevention

compression stockings, early ambulation and leg excersises, lifestyle changes

300

Varicose veins

enlarged, overfilled veins, bluish purple, painful causes- prolonged standing, obese, fam hx, >50 Diagnosed- ultrasound-venogram forfurther prevention- avoid prolonged standing, wt loss, excersise, complression stocking

400

DVT

edema, pain in calf, warm red discolored RF- smoking, >40, obese, prolonged sitting caused- hx, fam hx, pregnant med- anticoagulant (heparin,coumadin) nrsing- check INR PTT, warm packs, cs, elevate

500

PE

blaockage of one of the pulmonary lung fins\dings- sob, dyspnea, chest pain, cough(bloody) leg pain, swlling, cyani\otic, rapid irregular hr, dizzy causes-dvt/ air bubbles RF- smoking, obese, heart disease, bedirdden diagnosing- pulmoary angiogrM, ULTRASOUND, chest xray me- anticoag, thrombolytics(plasminogen activator) nursing- semi-high fowlers, 02, ambulation, pain managemtn

RA

100

risk factors

physical+ emotional stress female young-middle age fam hx

200

findings

morning stiffness, bilateral edem w ecreased rom, joint deformity(late sign), warm, red, parathesia

300

medical management

NSAIDS- decrease inflammation and relief of pain ---> ibuprophen- may cause gi bleed, ^ bun, + occult test, epigastric pain CORTICOSTERIODS- decrease inflammation and relieve pain ---> prednisone- may cause ^bp, moer suspectible to infections DMARDS- suprress the immune system to decrease damage ----> methotrexate- SE- n/v/d, dark colored urine, fever, anorexia, stomach pain---wear sunscreen BIO MODIFIERS- stimulate immune system ---->abalimumab-same se as dmards, need blood tests to see effectiveness

400

Diagnostics

xray, mri, + RA factor, synovial fluid analysis, antinuclear antibody---rpimary test, ESR- help detect inflammation, C-REACTIVE- inflammation

500

NUrsing management

pain, sleeep problems, fatigue, altered mood, limited mobility

Allergic

100

innate vs aqcuired

inate- born with acquired- active- after intro to antigen results in formation of antibodie passive- intro of antibobies from immunoglobin or natura route

200

function of immune system

protect remove recognize

300

anaphalyaxis

extreme exaggerated allergic response causes- food, medicine fidnings- rapid onset, dyspnea(tx first) swelling in throat+tongue, decreased bp,tachycardia, itching, hives

400

medical tx

ANTIHISTAMINE- relief of rhinitis(mm swlling in nose) --->loratadine-allerigc reactiion, cough, headache, dry mouth, store at room temp away from sun ADRENERGIC- vasocontriction of the muscous vessls --->pseuoephedrine MAST CELL- reduce the release of histamines during allergic reation ---?cromolyn sodium-inhalant INTRANASAL CCS- anti inflammatory --->fluticasone- ^ risk for infection, cat/glaucoma,osteoporosis

500

Nursing management

PATENT AIRRWAY, CV- begin cpr, continous evaul, monitor for fatigue then meds as ordered