Brain Parts and Their Arts
This basic unit of the nervous system is comprised of a dendrite, a cell body, and an axon, and are responsible for communication within the nervous system.
What are neurons?
Someone with this condition, which is explained by sensory crossover (where sensation in one modality can cause sensation in another), may be able to "smell" or "feel" a certain color.
What is synesthesia?
Also sometimes called audition, this sense is perceived by the complexity of pressure waves traveling through the air, and is distinguished by their loudness, pitch, and timbre.
What is hearing?
Discovered by Russian researcher Ivan Pavlov, this type of learning occurs when a stimulus becomes associated with a response over time.
What is classical conditioning?
This Austrian physician is thought of as the "father of psychoanalysis," practicing psychological medicine at the turn of the 20th century, and theorizing that many of our emotional woes are due to inadequacy in our relationships with parents or other early experiences.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
This part of the brain is responsible for quickly detecting and interpreting sensory information, producing responses like fight, flight, or freeze in response.
What is the amygdala?
After the amputation of a limb, the brain rewires itself, but a person may still experience this phenomenon, in which they continue to feel pain and other sensations.
What is phantom pain?
Receptors for this sense are called cones and rods, and the latter can help us to sense images in the environment in low lighting.
What is vision?
In this type of learning articulated by researchers like Thorndike and Skinner, behavior becomes more or less likely to occur depending on its consequences.
What is operant conditioning?
This American researcher studied the effects of operant conditioning in animals, then applied his research to humans. His experiments included a "box" that was named after him.
Who is B. F. Skinner?
This part of the brain is responsible for muscle coordination and balance, as well as some higher-level cognitive processes.
What is the cerebellum?
Also called internal desynchronization, this phenomenon occurs when traveling between time zones throws a person's normal circadian rhythms out of phase with one another.
What is jet lag?
Known by the scientific term gustation, this sense is perceived by receptors on the tongue known as papillae.
What is taste?
This type of learning can occur even when no obvious reinforcement occurs, and may not be expressed until much later (years, even).
What is latent learning?
This research subject who underwent a lobotomy in the 1950s to relieve symptoms from chronic epilepsy is responsible for much of what we know about memory and the brain today.
Who is H. M. or Henry Molaison?
This part of the brain is in charge of storing long-term memories for later retrieval, such as facts or events.
What is the hippocampus?
In this condition, most common among elderly men, a person may start to act out violent behavior occurring during vivid dreams, and can pose a risk of danger to themselves or to anyone they are sharing a bed with.
What is REM behavior disorder?
This sense is also called olfaction, and has over one thousand different types of receptors in the body.
What is smell?
In operant conditioning, these are what increase the probability of a response or consequence.
What are reinforcers?
Who is John B. Watson?
This area in the frontal lobe is responsible for many functions, including working memory, impulse control, emotional regulation, making plans, and others.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
This phenomenon occurs when an emotional event triggers the release of adrenal hormones during stress or arousal, and though the accuracy of what we remember may vary.
What are flashbulb memories?
Senses like touch, pressure, warmth, cold, pain, and sometimes itch or tickle, are perceived via this, considered the largest sense organ in the body.
What is the skin?
In this type of learning, after a stimulus becomes conditioned, other similar stimuli may produce the same reaction.
What is stimulus generalization?
This alliterative psychologist founded the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in the year 1879.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?