In & Out
Slameka & Graf (1978) showed that participants who had to come up with the to-be-remembered information showed better recall than if information is simply passively presented to them, called this.
What is the generation effect?
This is the type of consolidation that takes place over minutes or hours.
What is synaptic consolidation?
While flashbulb memories do not significantly differ from everyday memories in the accuracy of the details, it does differ in that flashbulb memories show a lack of decline across time for these two qualities of memory.
What are vividness and belief (confidence)?
In this approach to categorization, membership is determined by comparing an object to a typical member, or mental average, of the category.
What is the prototype approach to categorization?
This is the enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation - a big part of synaptic consolidation.
What is long-term potentiation?
This is when the context of encoding and retrieval are matched.
What is encoding specificity?
During the early stages of memory, the hippocampus replays the neural activity of memory, and enables the formation of connections between various cortical areas - a process called this.
What is reactivation?
This explanation for the reminiscence bump involves examining the similarities/differences between the events that have occurred in a person's life and the culturally expected events that are expected to occur at particular times.
What is the cultural life script hypothesis?
According to Rosch, we have these three different levels of categories in our hierarchical organization of conceptual knowledge.
What are global, basic, and specific (or superordinate, basic, and subordinate) levels?
This is when memory is best when the internal mood/awareness at encoding and retrieval are matched.
What is state-dependent learning?
Bower & Winzenz (1970) examined visual imagery using this type of task, where two words are presented together, like boat-tree, and later tested by presenting one of the two words.
What is paired-associate learning?
The best supporting evidence for the standard model of consolidation is probably this characteristic.
What is graded amnesia?
This specific example of a source misattribution involves an unconscious plagiarism of others' work.
What is cryptomnesia?
According to Collins & Quillian's model of semantic networks, priming (making things more easily retrieved from memory) results from this process that occurs between nodes and links.
What is spreading activation?
The hub and spoke model of semantic knowledge posits that all areas of the brain associated with specific functions are connected to this specific area of the brain (the hub).
What is the anterior temporal lobe?
The advantage given to utilizing a number of shorter study sessions over a long period of studying is called this.
What is the spacing effect?
Nader et al.'s (2000) study on injecting rats with anisomycin showed the importance of this process.
What is reconsolidation?
Presenting this to participants in memory research often leads to a misinformation effect.
What is misleading postevent information (MPI)?
In a connectionist (or PDP) model, these determine how signals sent from one unit either increase or decrease the activity of the next unit.
What are connection weights?
This model of consolidation holds that the hippocampus is involved for both consolidation of recent memories and in accessing more remote memories.
What is the multiple trace model of consolidation?
In Craik & Lockhart's (1972) study on levels of processing, this is the task condition that resulted in what they called the shallowest processing level.
What is the physical features (or capital letters) condition?
Per Sederberg et al. (2011) proposed this - that the context of learning and retrieval is important, and that old contexts can become associated with new memories without changing the context of the new memories (essentially arguing against reconsolidation).
What is the temporal context model (TCM)?
This increase in confidence is due to getting positive feedback about your identification of a criminal suspect.
What is the post-identification feedback effect?
This approach to categorization states that our knowledge of concepts is based on reactivation of sensory and motor processes that occur when we interact with an object.
What is the embodied approach?
Our demonstration in class where people had better memory for words in the predator/zombie conditions were due to us evaluating this characteristic of the to-be-remembered information.
What is the survival value?