Learning
. is used to describe the removal of a stimulus
. is used to describe something that will increase the likelihood of a behavior
Negative
Reinforcement
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
Something that elicits an unlearned response
You bonked your head and now you can't remember events that happened before your injury. What kind of amnesia do you have?
retrograde amnesia
What are the three steps involved in memory processing?
encoding, storage, retrieval
Describe the difference between Achievement and Aptitude testing.
Achievement tests assess people’s current levels of skill and knowledge
Aptitude tests seek to predict what tasks, and sometimes what jobs, people will be good at in the future
Receiving a reduced jail sentence for good behavior is a form of
Negative Reinforcement
What is a conditioned response?
A response that has been learned
_______ is a memory mistake that is usually characterized by a word or phrase being "on the tip of your tonugue"
blocking
Juggling is an example of what kind of memory?
Procedural Memory
Describe the difference between Mental Age and Chronological Age.
Assessment of child’s intellectual standing (test score), compared with that of same-aged peers (average score for children in the same chronological age)
What term is used to describe a decrease in a behavioral response after repeated exposure to nonthreatening stimuli?
Habituation
In __________, learning occurs when two stimuli are paired closely in time.
Classical Conditioning
Words in the middle of a list are the most likely to be forgotten. This is known as _______
serial position effect
What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory?
iconic: brief, visual
echoic: longer duration, auditory
Describe the difference between Fluid and Crystalized intelligence.
Fluid intelligence: reflects the ability to process information, understand relationships, and think logically, particularly in novel or complex circumstances, without prior knowledge
Crystallized intelligence: reflects both the knowledge acquired through experience and the ability to use that knowledge (e.g., vocabulary & cultural information, using this to solve problems)
Describe a parenting method that would work best at encouraging your child to do well in school.
Praising the child for appropriate academic behavior
If you trained a rat to fear a flashing light by pairing it with a painful electric shock, what would be the conditioned stimulus?
The flashing light
proactive interference
Describe the difference between explicit and implicit memory
Explicit: Remember information we say we know (recalling facts, events, info)
Implicit: Unconscious, unintentional, automatic
Identify 3 genetic or environmental impacts on intelligence.
⚬Better nutrition, health care
⚬Refinement of education methods
⚬Longer school years
⚬Exposure to technology
What causes extinction?
The animal learns that the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus.
Little Albert learned fear toward not only a white rat but also a ball of wool and a rabbit. This demonstrates:
At what age did Little Albert die?
Generalization
6
Name the seven "sins" or memory mistakes that we reviewed in class
1. forgetting
2. blocking
3. absentmindedness
4. persistence
5. misattribution
6. bias
7. suggestibility
Patient HM could not form this type of memory
New Explicit Memory
What is the formula to calculate a child's IQ?
Mental Age / Chronological Age x 100