The smallest amount of energy (stimulus) that can be sensed.
What is a THRESHOLD (SLIDES)
100
In the "Workshop" analogy, this concept if represented by the "worker"
What is Attention (SLIDES)
100
In step one of "How to Not Suck," we are told to chunk environmental information into organized groups. This is the name of the organized groups or categories.
What are concepts (SLIDES/251)?
100
This can be defined as a mismatch between an initial state and a goal state.
What is a problem (SLIDES)
100
This barrier to problem solving is best illustrated by racism and prejudice.
What is the representativeness heuristic (254)
200
This is the idea that continuity is preferred over abrupt changes.
What is Good Continuation (SLIDES/138)
200
These cues are stimulus-related, to which the brain automatically orients
What are exogenous cues (SLIDES)
200
The most general form of a type of concept, such as "animal" or "fruit"; refers to highest in status or standing.
What is a superordinate concept (SLIDES)?
200
This researcher utilized cats in boxes to illustrate the idea of bottom-up problem solving.
Who is Thorndike (SLIDES)?
200
This is an aspect of creativity characterized by an ability to produce unusual but appropriate alternatives from a single starting point
What is divergent thinking (257)
300
This is the process where raw sensory data is converted into neural impulses to be sent to the brain.
What is Transduction (SLIDES/118)?
300
Simons & Chabris' study of the "Invisible Gorilla" clearly illustrated this phenomenon.
What is Inattentional Blindness (SLIDES)
300
This set of rules define a category, so an individual does not have to experience every object.
What is a formal (artificial) concept (SLIDES/251)?
300
Using trial-and-error in order to solve a problem is an example of this kind of bottom-up method.
What is Random Search Strategies (SLIDES)
300
These are the knowledge and skills gained through experience and education, which expand over time.
What is crystallized intelligence (264)
400
This visual receptor are concentrated near the center of the retina, and are responsible for color vision and fine detail.
What are cones (SLIDES/126)?
400
These cues are goal-directed, controlled deployement of attention
What are endogenous cues (SLIDES)
400
This barrier to problem solving is best illustrated by the fact that we are more afraid of sharks, instead of being afraid of the true killers: COWS.
What is the availability heuristic (254)
400
Of the two major problem-solving strategies, this is the least efficient, but the most reliable.
What is an algorithm (SLIDES/252)
400
Rods and cones are considered these type of receptors, which convert light waves into neural impulses.
What are photoreceptors (126)
500
Being unable to recognize that you are looking at a face could be a result of a deficiency in these neurons.
What are feature detectors (SLIDES/136)?
500
This theory states that our attention is a limited pool of energy, that can only be separated between a small amount of similar tasks.
What is capacity theory (SLIDES)?
500
When you employ a problem-solving strategy that has worked in the past, disregarding more efficient strategies, you are utilizing this barrier to problem solving.
What is a mental set (253)
500
This type of decision making was developed by Tversky, stating that humans tend to think of options as absolutes, eliminating aspects if they fail to meet a certain criterion.
What is non-compensatory strategies (SLIDES)
500
This is the first part of the eye that interacts with light.