Learning
What is classical conditioning?
A. Learning through consequences
B. Learning by observation
C. Learning by associating two stimuli
D. Learning through insight
C. Learning by associating two stimuli
What are the three stages in the Information Processing Model?
A. Sensing, encoding, storing
B. Encoding, storage, retrieval
C. Storage, forgetting, recalling
D. Perceiving, storing, deleting
B. Encoding, storage, retrieval
What is a heuristic?
A. Step-by-step guaranteed method
B. Random guess
C. Mental shortcut
D. Scripted memory
C. Mental shortcut
What does “IQ” stand for?
A. Intellectual Quotient
B. Intelligence Quotient
C. Information Quality
D. Individual Quotient
B. Intelligence Quotient
What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?
A. Positive adds a consequence, negative removes one
B. Positive punishes, negative rewards
C. Positive is unintentional, negative is planned
D. Both decrease behavior
A. Positive adds a consequence, negative removes one
Which term refers to the reappearance of an extinguished response?
A. Extinction
B. Spontaneous recovery
C. Stimulus generalization
D. Acquisition
B. Spontaneous recovery
Which type of memory holds visual info for a fraction of a second?
A. Semantic memory
B. Short-term memory
C. Iconic memory
D. Working memory
C. Iconic memory
What is functional fixedness?
A. Being unable to solve new problems
B. Only seeing traditional uses for objects
C. Using a formula to solve a problem
D. Testing multiple solutions
B. Only seeing traditional uses for objects
Who proposed the idea of “g” or general intelligence?
A. Gardner
B. Sternberg
C. Spearman
D. Binet
C. Spearman
Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
A. Getting a gold star for doing homework
B. Being scolded for not doing chores
C. Losing phone privileges for breaking a rule
D. Avoiding chores by pretending to sleep
C. Losing phone privileges for breaking a rule
What does positive reinforcement do?
A. Adds something unpleasant to reduce behavior
B. Removes something desirable
C. Adds something pleasant to increase behavior
D. Removes something unpleasant to reduce behavior
C. Adds something pleasant to increase behavior
The "7 ± 2 rule" refers to the capacity of:
A. Sensory memory
B. Short-term memory
C. Long-term memory
D. Procedural memory
B. Short-term memory
Which strategy involves starting with the goal and working backward?
A. Algorithm
B. Heuristic
C. Trial and error
D. Working backward
D. Working backward
Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences includes all EXCEPT:
A. Musical
B. Intrapersonal
C. Logical-mathematical
D. Emotional
D. Emotional
What is a token economy?
A. A system using money to reinforce behavior
B. A method of saving rewards for later
C. A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers
D. A punishment technique in behavior therapy
C. A system where tokens are used as secondary reinforcers
Which learning theory involves rewards and punishments?
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Vicarious conditioning
D. Observational learning
B. Operant conditioning
Remembering your first day of high school is an example of:
A. Semantic memory
B. Episodic memory
C. Flashbulb memory
D. Procedural memory
B. Episodic memory
Which bias causes people to search for information that supports their beliefs?
A. Anchoring bias
B. Hindsight bias
C. Confirmation bias
D. Representativeness heuristic
C. Confirmation bias
The Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis suggests:
A. Intelligence is inherited
B. Language determines thought
C. Intelligence declines with age
D. Animals cannot learn language
B. Language determines thought
What is an example of biological preparedness?
A. Learning to drive a car
B. Being more likely to fear spiders or snakes
C. Avoiding people who lie
D. Memorizing multiplication tables
B. Being more likely to fear spiders or snakes
In Seligman's experiment, what did dogs experience after repeated shocks they couldn’t avoid?
A. Insight learning
B. Conditioned taste aversion
C. Learned helplessness
D. Classical conditioning
C. Learned helplessness
Which famous patient could not form new long-term memories?
A. Terman
B. Skinner
C. Watson
D. H.M.
D. H.M.
What is an example of the availability heuristic?
A. Thinking planes are safer than they are due to media coverage of crashes
B. Choosing the best answer on a test
C. Using a formula to solve a math problem
D. Grouping items into categories
A. Thinking planes are safer than they are due to media coverage of crashes
Which test measures adult intelligence?
A. WISC-V
B. Binet-Simon
C. WAIS-IV
D. Raven’s Matrices
C. WAIS-IV
What does continuous reinforcement mean?
A. Reinforcement is given randomly
B. Reinforcement happens at fixed intervals
C. Every correct response is reinforced
D. Only the strongest behavior is rewarded
C. Every correct response is reinforced