Newton's Laws
What law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion?
Newton's 1st Law (Inertia)
When water pushes downward out of the rocket nozzle, what is the reaction force?
The water pushes the rocket upward.
How does a parachute protect an egg lander?
It increases air resistance (drag) to reduce falling speed.
Where on a coaster track is Potential Energy (PE) at its absolute maximum?
At the top of the first hill.
What force between the wheels and the track continuously slows the coaster down?
Friction
Which law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?
Newton’s 3rd Law
What keeps a rocket coasting upward for several seconds after all water and pressure run out?
Inertia
How does a crumple zone reduce the impact force on the egg?
It increases the stopping time during impact.
Where does the coaster train reach its maximum Kinetic Energy (KE)?
At the bottom of the first drop.
What form of energy is mechanical energy converted into because of friction?
Thermal (heat)
If you double the pushing force on an object without changing its mass, what happens to its acceleration?
It also doubles. Will accept increases or goes up.
What two forces slow the rocket down as it climbs and pull it back to the ground?
Gravity and air resistance.
How does soft padding protect the eggshell upon landing?
It distributes the impact force over a larger surface area.
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
Why must every hill after the first hill be shorter than the one before it?
Friction and air resistance bleed off energy as heat.
If two objects are pushed with the exact same force, which one accelerates faster: the heavier one or the lighter one?
The lighter one (less mass).
If a 150 g rocket and a 300 g rocket launch with the same pressure, which will go higher?
The 150 g rocket (less mass).
Why does dropping an egg from 10 m cause more damage than dropping it from 2 m?
Gravity accelerates it longer, giving it more speed and kinetic energy.
What energy transformation occurs as the train plunges down the first hill?
PE transforms into KE
What does it mean when a roller coaster train "valleys"?
It loses too much speed and gets trapped rocking in the low dip between hills.
If an egg hits the concrete with 50 N of force, how much force does the concrete push back on the egg with?
50 N (equal and opposite)
What type of energy is stored inside the bottle before pulling the launch pin?
Potential energy.
What are the three main engineering strategies used to protect an Egg-stronaut?
Air drag, crumple zones, and cushioning.
What two forms of energy does the train have as it moves up the second hill?
PE and KE (Bonus points if you included thermal!)
Name two realistic reasons why a coaster might valley during a morning test run.
Cold weather (thick grease), strong headwinds, low train mass (empty car), or Hill 2 was designed too tall.