Ionic Compounds
An ionic compounds forms when a _____ is bonded to a ______
metal; nonmetal
A covalent compound forms when a ______ is bonded to a _______
nonmetal; nonmetal
What is electronegativity?
A measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons to itself
What are intramolecular forces? (the definition)
The forces that hold molecules together
In a polar bond, are electrons shared equally or unequally?
Unequally
In an ionic compound, how do you know which element appears first in the formula and name?
The positive ion always goes first
In a covalent compound, how do you know which element appears first in the formula?
The nonmetal farthest left on the periodic table appears first in a covalent compound
What 3 things does an ion have to have?
Element symbol, number, sign (+/-)
Rank the 4 intramolecular forces from weakest to strongest
London Dispersion Forces (LDFs), Dipole-Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, Ionic Bonding
Which two types of bonds are considered polar bonds?
Polar covalent and ionic bonds
What is the range of electronegativity for ionic bonds?
2.0 and greater
What are the 7 diatomic molecules and what is the name of the molecule I2?
7 diatomic molecules: H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Name of I2: Iodine
Between two compounds with only LDFs, how do I know which one would have the higher melting point?
The compound with the higher atomic radius will have the strong intramolecular force, therefore having a higher melting point.
What intramolecular forces are present in this compound: CO
London-Dispersion Forces (LDFs), Dipole-Dipole Forces
Calculate the electronegativity difference in the following compound and determine what kind of bond it contains: CsBr
Electronegativity Difference: 2.17
Type of Bond: Ionic
Write the ions and name of the following compound: Ca3P2
Ions: Ca2+, P3-
Name: Calcium Phosphate
Name: Carbon heptasulfide
Rank these bonds in decreasing order of polarity: CaS, CaF, Ca3P2
Ca-F, Ca-S, Ca-P
What intramolecular forces are present in the following compound: HF
LDFs, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding
Electronegativity difference: 2.14
Using the crossover method (you must show this), determine the ions, ionic formula, and name of the compound that forms between Magnesium and Nitrogen
Ions: Mg2+, N3-
Ionic Formula: Mg3N2
Name: Magnesium Nitride
Write the formula and name for the compound that forms between 3 Phosphorous atoms and 4 Chlorine atoms.
In nonpolar bonds, are electrons shared equally or unequally? Why?
Equally because there is not a significant electronegativity difference between the two elements in the compound. Therefore, the electrons are not attracted to one of the elements more than the other; they are shared equally between the two.
Which of these elements would be harder to break apart and why: Br2 or F2?
Br2 because both of these compounds only have LDFs. Because Br2 has the larger atomic radius, it has the stronger intramolecular forces, and therefore would be harder to break apart.
Explain what is means when a bond is considered polar. (must use electronegativity difference and electrons in the answer)
There is a significant electronegativity difference between two elements in a compound so the electrons that are in the compound are pulled toward the more electronegativity atom, creating partial positive and negative poles (dipoles).