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DNA and RNA
Protein Synthesis
Biotechnology
Evolution
Vocabulary
100
This is the monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
100
This is the monomer of proteins
amino acids
100
This molecule cuts DNA
restriction enzyme
100
the process by which nature selects organisms most fit for survival
natural selection
100
What does transgenic mean?
an organism that has a foreign gene from another organism in its DNA
200
Which nitrogen base is in RNA but not DNA?
uracil
200
Where in the cell are proteins made?
ribosome
200
This process separates DNA fragments by size using an electric current
gel electrophoresis
200
What type of structure is similar in many organisms but has a different function in these organisms?
homologous structure
200
This type of structure no longer has a function in an organism, but it once had a function in an ancestor
vestigial structure
300
What are the 3 types of RNA?
messenger RNA transfer RNA ribosomal RNA
300
What molecule carries the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome?
mRNA
300
This process is when you genetically modify an organism's DNA
genetic engineering
300
this is a change in DNA, and it results in variation
mutation
300
This is a 3-nitrogen base sequence that pairs with the mRNA codon
anticodon
400
This is the process where mRNA is made from a DNA template
transcription
400
This type of RNA carries an amino acid to the mRNA during translation
tRNA
400
Give an example of a transgenic organism
bacteria that has the human gene for insulin
400
Name one way that speciation can occur
reproductive isolation (caused by geographic, temporal, or behavioral barriers)
400
this is a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
genetic drift
500
Where in the cell does transcription take place?
nucleus
500
What molecule has a codon?
mRNA
500
Name 2 ways society benefits from DNA fingerprinting
solving crimes with DNA, paternity tests, genetically modified foods, gene therapy, genetic screening
500
This increases the likelihood that some organisms of a species will survive in a changing environment
genetic diversity
500
a new species is created from an existing species during this process
speciation