Enzymes & Cells
If an enzyme can no longer bind its substrate because its active site is altered, what has happened to the enzyme?
What is the enzyme has been denatured.
During the day, plant leaves often release more oxygen than they consume. What two processes in plant cells explain this net O₂ release?
What is photosynthesis produces O₂ (light reactions) and cellular respiration consumes O₂; net release occurs when photosynthesis > respiration.
After mitosis, how many daughter cells are produced, and how does their DNA compare to the parent cell?
What is two daughter cells, each genetically identical to the parent cell (assuming no errors).
A diagram shows particles moving from high to low concentration directly through the lipid bilayer. What process is this?
What is simple diffusion
What is my nationality?
What is Guyanese.
Which cell-cycle phase is responsible for DNA replication?
What is S phase (synthesis phase).
Which molecule is the immediate energy currency produced by both photosynthesis (light-dependent stage) and cellular respiration that cells use for work?
What is ATP.
What is natural selection and how can it change a trait frequency in a population over generations?
What is natural selection is differential survival/reproduction based on heritable traits; beneficial traits increase in frequency because those individuals leave more offspring.
Define isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic relative to a cell's internal solution and predict what happens to cell mass in each case.
What is isotonic = equal solute concentration (no net mass change); hypertonic = external has higher solute (cell loses water → mass decreases); hypotonic = external has lower solute (cell gains water → mass increases).
Who is my favorite rapper or favorite band of all time?
What is Lil Wayne or Linkin Park
Why do most eukaryotic cells remain small (10–100 µm)? Give the main physiological reason.
What is to maintain a high surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient exchange of materials (diffusion) across the membrane.
Explain why glycolysis can produce ATP in cells lacking functional mitochondria.
What is glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require mitochondria; it yields ATP anaerobically.
If a trait gives individuals higher survival in a particular environment, what will likely happen to the frequency of that trait over many generations?
What is the frequency of the trait will likely increase.
A semipermeable bag impermeable to glucose is placed in a higher-solute solution and loses mass. Was the bag initially hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic relative to the outside? Explain.
What is hypertonic (higher internal solute), so water left the bag causing mass loss.
What sport did I partake in during high school?
What is Wrestling
Describe one way pH or temperature can reduce enzyme activity (use the word "denature" or "active site").
What is extreme pH or high temperature can denature the enzyme by breaking bonds, altering the active site so the substrate cannot bind.
Compare where (organelle and pathway) the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotic cells.
What is the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and the electron transport chain occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Explain in simple terms what can cause a trait's frequency to change just by chance, and give one clear example where chance is more important than selection.
What is random events (like a storm or a few individuals starting a new group) can change how common a trait is just by luck; for example, if a small group of animals gets separated from the main population (a founder event), the traits that group carries might be different from the mainland simply because of who happened to be in that group.
Explain the difference between diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, giving one example of each.
What is diffusion = passive movement down gradient (O₂); facilitated diffusion = passive with membrane proteins for polar molecules (glucose via carriers); osmosis = water movement across semipermeable membrane (water into a hypotonic cell); active transport = movement against gradient using ATP (Na⁺/K⁺ pump).
Name three of my favorite animes (excluding Naruto or One Piece) or Name my favorite Naruto/One Piece character (Rock Lee or Sanji).
What is Katekyou Hitman Reborn, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, Attack On Titan, Hajime No Ippo, Eyeshield 21, Yu Yu Hakusho, Air Gear, Tenjho Tenge, My Hero Academia, Hunter X Hunter, Code Geass, Death Note
An enzyme has an optimal temperature of 37°C and an optimal pH of 7.0. Predict what happens to its activity if the environment is changed to 50°C and pH 3.0, and explain why in one sentence. (Include the effects of Temperature and pH)
What is the enzyme's activity will drop dramatically because high temperature and very acidic pH denature the enzyme and alter its active site, preventing effective substrate binding.
Describe how a decrease in sunlight would first and most directly affect primary producers, and then name two cascading effects this could have on consumers.
What is decreased sunlight reduces photosynthesis and primary producer biomass; cascading effects include reduced food for consumers leading to population declines and loss or simplification of higher trophic levels.
A few plants from a large meadow are blown by the wind to a small island and start a new population. Years later, a flower color that was rare in the meadow is now common on the island. Give two simple, non-technical reasons why this could happen.
What is (1) the small group of plants that arrived might have had lots of that rare color just by chance, so the island started with more of that trait (founder effect); (2) because the island population is small, random chance in which plants reproduce more can make the rare color become common over time (random sampling)
Describe an experiment using dialysis bags to show osmosis, including expected mass changes for bags with 0.2 M, 0.5 M, and 0.8 M internal glucose when placed in 0.5 M external solution (membrane impermeable to glucose).
What is place 0.2 M (hypotonic), 0.5 M (isotonic), and 0.8 M (hypertonic) bags into 0.5 M outside; expect 0.2 M bag to gain mass (water in), 0.5 M bag no net change, 0.8 M bag to lose mass (water out). Because membrane is impermeable to glucose, mass changes are due to water movement only.
What is my favorite thing to say to a student who answers a question completely wrong?
What is My Brother/Sister in Christ or God Bless