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Huntington's Disease is what kind of genetic disorder?
Autosomal dominant
I ate strawberries and now I have hives.
1) What are my hives called?
2) What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?
1) Urticaria
2) Type 1
This type of immunity is a type of immunity that develops when a person is vaccinated against a disease.
Give an example.
Active artificial
Immunizations
This patient has a painful "on fire" rash of blisters that usually appears in a stripe on one side of the body.
1) What condition?
2) What phase of illness is the patient in?
1) Shingles
2) Acute/illness
Hallmark feature of leukemia
Immature blast cells!
Hemophilia is what time of genetic disorder?
What is the difference between hypertrophy and atrophy?
Hypertrophy: the process of cells or tissues increasing in size.
Atrophy: cells, tissues, or organs decrease in size
This type of immunity occurs when a person is given antibodies rather than making them through his or her own immune system.
Give an example.
Breastfeeding
This kind of spread occurs when a droplet from coughing, sneezing or talking carry the pathogen to the host's body.
Give examples.
Droplet: The transmission is completed by: Inhaling droplets. Droplets entering the mucous membranes of the face
MM, pneumonia, meningitis
Iatrogenic vs nosocomial
Iatrogenic means caused by a medical professional, while nosocomial means caused by the hospital environment.
Give me 3 features of a person with Trisomy 21
How do we test?
Cellular adaptation: type of abnormal cell growth that involves changes in cell size, shape, and organization. Dysplastic cells have larger nuclei and a higher mitotic rate than normal cells
Dysplasia
Give me the top 4 compounds for innate immunity's inflammatory response!
1) Histamine
2) Prostaglandins
3) Leukotrienes
4) Bradykinin
What are social determinants of health?
The non-medical factors that affect health outcomes. They include the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age.
What is an antigen?
A substance that triggers the body's immune system to produce antibodies. Antigens can be found in bacteria, viruses, chemicals, toxins, and other substances that are foreign to the body.
This is a palpable raised/elevated lesion
Nodule - Know Figure 8.1
Cellular adaptation: This occurs when one type of cell is replaced by another type in the same tissue.
Metaplasia
It's a response to environmental stressors, such as inflammation, microorganisms, or toxins. Metaplasia is often a precursor to dysplasia, which can lead to carcinoma
This peptide is a potent pain-inducing molecule that activates specific receptors on sensory neurons, leading to the perception of pain, particularly in inflammatory conditions.
Bradykinin
Mast cells release:
Histamine
Prostaglandins
Bradykinin
Leukotrienes
Benign tumor characteristics:
Encapsulated! Well-defined borders.
Slow growth!
No spread!
Asymptomatic or barely notice!
Organized cells!
Differentiated!
Differentiated" cells resemble normal cells from the tissue they originated from and tend to grow and spread more slowly
Undifferentiated cells look very different from normal cells, are considered immature, and usually behave more aggressively with rapid growth and spread, indicating a poorer prognosis
This is an elevated lesion with a thin wall and contains fluid
Vesicle - Know Figure 8.1
How many levels are there of prevention?
Give an example of each.
Primary: Immunizations, suicide prevention
Secondary: Screenings, lifestyle changes, dx and tx early
Tertiary: Already have disease, try not to make it worse
ACID! This acronym helps to remember these conditions
Hypersensitivity reactions
Allergies
Cell-mediated
Immune
Delayed
This healing intention involves leaving a wound open to heal naturally from the base upwards, resulting in greater scarring and a longer healing time
Secondary
This healing intention involves delayed primary closure, is when a wound is initially left open to clean and granulate before being closed later with sutures
Give an example
Tertiary