Cell structure
This structure controls what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration is called this.
What is diffusion?
These blood cells transport oxygen using haemoglobin.
What are red blood cells?
A group of similar cells working together forms this.
What is a tissue?
This plant tissue transports water from roots to leaves.
What is xylem?
This organelle is the site of aerobic cellular respiration and ATP production.
What is the mitochondrion?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called this.
What is osmosis?
This specialised plant cell absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.
What is a root hair cell?
A group of tissues working together forms this.
What is an organ?
This plant tissue transports sugars around the plant.
What is phloem?
In plant cells, this organelle contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.
What is the chloroplast?
This type of transport requires energy from ATP to move substances against a concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
This specialised animal cell transmits electrical impulses.
What is a neuron?
Put these in order from simplest to most complex: organ, organism, cell, tissue, organ system.
What is cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism?
This animal system is responsible for gas exchange.
What is the respiratory system?
Name two structures found in plant cells but not animal cells.
What are the cell wall, chloroplasts, or large central vacuole?
(Any two)
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to water movement?
Water will move into the cell by osmosis.
Give one structural adaptation of a red blood cell that helps it carry out its function.
It has a biconcave shape, no nucleus, or is packed with haemoglobin.
The stomach is an example of this level of organisation.
What is an organ?
Name the main function of the circulatory system.
To transport substances such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones and wastes around the body.
Explain how the structure of microvilli helps intestinal epithelial cells perform their function.
Microvilli increase surface area, allowing more efficient absorption of nutrients across the membrane.
Compare passive transport and active transport.
Both allow the transport of materials in to and out of cells through the cell membrane. Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down a concentration gradient; active transport requires ATP and moves substances against a concentration gradient.
Explain how structure relates to function in xylem tissue.
Xylem cells are elongated, hollow, and have thick lignified walls, which helps them transport water and provide structural support.
Explain why multicellular organisms require levels of organisation.
Multicellular organisms have specialised cells that perform different functions, so they need organisation into tissues, organs and systems to coordinate activities efficiently and maintain life processes.
Compare transport in plants and animals.
Plants use xylem and phloem to move water, minerals and sugars; animals use a circulatory system with a heart, blood and vessels to transport substances throughout the body.