QCAA Psychology Unit 3 & 4

Unit 3: 1-2

100

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory processing

temporal

200

The last stage of the visual perception process

interpretation

300

The function of dopamine

the feel good hormone: pleasure and reward

400

Explain an action potential

An action potential is a rapid electrical impulse that travels along a neuron when it is stimulated strongly enough.

When the neuron reaches threshold, sodium ions move into the neuron causing depolarisation. Potassium ions then move out of the neuron causing repolarisation. This electrical change travels down the axon and allows neurons to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.

500

the three parts of the brain involved in voluntary movement and their functions.

basal ganglia (planning), cerebellum (panning and execution) and primary motor cortex (execution)

Unit 3: Topic 3-4

100

The duration and capacity of short-term memory

7 +/- 2

15-30s

200

The unconditioned response in the classical conditioning study by Pavlov

salivating

300

The two terms summarised by the Social Learning theory

modelling 

vicarious conditioning

400

Describe the role of the hippocampus in memory

formation of long-term memories 

500

Recall the similarities and differences of operant conditioning and classical conditioning

Similarities: Both involve a stimulus and response. They both require a learning/acquisition period

Differences: CC is a reflex response to a stimulus, OC is a voluntary response to a reward or punishment

Unit 4: Topic 1

100

This type of socialisation occurs through family.

Primary socialisation

200

Who is Philip Zimbardo

This psychologist conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment.

300

Describe how empathy can influence prosocial behaviour using an example

answers will vary

400

What psychological concept did the line study by Asch (1951) demonstrate?

Conformity

500

Explain the findings of Robert Cialdini

People are strongly influenced by social norms and are more likely to change their behaviour when they believe others are performing the same behaviour.

His research showed that descriptive norms (what others do) and injunctive norms (what others approve of) can influence conformity and behaviour change.

Unit 4: 2

100

Identify a factor that influences the Bystander Effect

• Diffusion of responsibility
• Group size (number of bystanders)
• Ambiguity of the situation
• Fear of judgement (evaluation apprehension)
• Perceived danger/risk
• Relationship to the victim
  
  Ect...

200

This principle involves returning a favour.

reciprocity

300

This theory explains prosocial behaviour through observation and imitation.

Social Learning Theory

400

What did Anderson and Bushman (2002) find? 

This study found violent games increased hostile expectation bias

500

Explain how aggressive scripts develop over time according to GAM.

• Repeated aggressive behaviour strengthens aggressive knowledge structures and aggressive scripts.
• Individuals begin to expect hostility in ambiguous situations (hostile attribution bias).
• Aggressive responses become more automatic over time through repeated activation.
• Violent experiences or media exposure reinforce beliefs that aggression is acceptable.
• Over multiple episodes, these aggressive scripts shape personality and future behaviour, increasing the likelihood of aggression.

Stats & Cognitive Verbs

100

state the difference between mean, median and mode

mean = average

median = middle number

mode = most common

200

state the relationship between variables with an r value of -0.24

weak negative 

300

a study calculates a p-value of 0.4

what would you conclude and which hypothesis would you support

NOT statistically significant, null hypothesis 

400

What must a 'distinguish' answer include?

a contrasting verb

500

what are the three marks needed to answer a compare question

(1) difference

(1) similarity

(1) significance of them