Raw Mix to Clinker
This clinker phase contributes most to strength development at all ages
What is C3S or Alites
Increasing this from 0.5% to 1.5% will improving setting time
What is free lime?
The hydration product that forms the "glue" when C3S contacts water
What is C-S-H, (or calcium silicate hydrates)?
The two types of Amrize Uniformity KPIs
What are short-term and long-term
A haul truck backs up to the Front End loader at a:
45 degree angle
What hazard could be present in the drilling dust when drilling abrasive rock?
Crystalline Silica
Prior to Ravena's modernization, Ravena was what kind of process with how many kilns?
Wet, 2 Kilns
In raw mix, this modulus (or calculated ratio) determines the potential for C3S and C2S formation in clinker
What is LSF
An increase in this will make the clinker harder to grind
What is C2S or belite?
Without the proper amount and phase of gypsum, C3A hydration is uncontrolled and results in this type of early stiffening?
What is flash set? (permanent loss of plasticity/workability)
Name two of the three parameters used to judge raw meal, kiln feed and clinker uniformity
What are LSF, AR and SR?
Which 3 plants have to barge their rock to the plant?
Joppa, Theodore, Richmond
To mine a uniform, single bench flat-lying deposit, the most appropriate crushing system is:
Mobile
This plant was first commissioned in what year & by what company?
1962, Atlantic Cement Co.
During this step of the burning process, the CO2 is driven off from the limestone
What is calcination or decarbonation
An increase in this will increase 1 day strengths, but decrease 28 day strengths
What are alkalis?
Apart from controlling C3A hydration, we optimize the gypsum addition at the mill to maximize this
What is strengths, or compressive strengths?
What type of stacker reclaimer system does Ravena use
Longitudinal cone stacker with a side reclaimer
Shift Efficiency is?
85%
What is the most cost-effective method to size reduction material?
Blasting
What is the primary source of silica for the Ravena raw mix?
Rock from the Ravena Quarry, Kalkberg
Name 1 of the 2 causes of undesirable Orthorhombic C3A in clinker
What is reducing conditions, or what is excess Alkalis (or high A/S ratio)
This type of heating profile inside the pyro system is ideal for product quality and grindability
What is "short", "short and sharp" or "fast"?
The gypsum phase needed to control C3A hydration, because it is the more soluble form
What is hemi-hydrate or plaster?
CaSO4-0.5H2O,
Which type of uniformity kpi relates to the impact on the customer
Long-term
A front end loader sized appropriately for the haul truck fleets loads scoops in:
30 to 40 seconds
The most appropriate crusher to crush dry abrasive quartzite at 800 t/h is:
Gyratory Crusher
What rock formations need to be moved prior to getting to the high calcium rock?
Becraft & New Scotland, Kalkberg, Esopus & Topsoil
or Everything but Manlius and Coeymans
Too much of this indicates underburnt clinker and leads to strength loss and was previously thought to have the potential to cause expansion
What is free lime
Having excess of this causes finer clinker and higher grinding energy
What is sulfur, (what is low A/S ratio)?
Sulphates in this form come from clinker.
What is alkali sulphates OR SO3 clinker phases?
Which type of uniformity kpi relates to the impact on the Control Room Operator
Short-term
What are 3 parts of the Highwall Safety Scorecard
Exposure to Hazard, Characteristics of Rock, Berm Distance
What is the most common crusher type within Amrize?
Single shaft Horizontal Impact Crusher
Name 2 of the 3 parameters that the quarry operator monitors and controls via the cross-belt analyzer
Alkalies (or K2O), MgO and SiO2