Test Analysis Type
Comparing a population mean + Standard Devation to a sample mean.
What is a z-test
Variables that unintentionally influence the outcome of a study.
What are Confounding Variables?
t(29) = 3.12, p = .004, where the same participants were measured twice
What is a paired-samples t-test showed a statistically significant difference between mean A and mean B scores
The three different ways to describe
what is happening at the center of the dataset
What is central tendency
A subset of the population you are interested in studying.
What is a sample
Comparing just the population mean to a sample mean. No population SD given.
What is an one-sample t-test
Is the consistency of a measurement (ex: cluster of arrows hitting the same spot on a target)
What is reliability
A result reported as r = −.46, p = .002
What is a statistically significant negative correlation?
The amount of spread or compressed there is the dataset.
What is variability
Definition of a hypothetical construct in which we tie the construct to a set of observable procedures. We do this both for our independent variables and our dependent variables
What is an Operational Definition
Comparing two sample means together (between subjects)
What is an Independent t-test
The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
(ex: accuracy, arrows hitting the center of the target)
What is validity
t(58) = −2.41, p = .063 comparing two different groups
An independent-samples t-test revealed a non-statistically significant difference between the two groups.
The probability of finding a significant effect given that the null is false.
What is Power
A type of manipulation in which subjects are placed in one (or more) groups. One group receives one level of experimental manipulation, and the other receives another level of manipulation.
What is a between-subjects manipulation?
Comparing two sample means together (within subjects)
What is a Paired samples t-test
Correlated measurements from a sample of people who completed two different forms of the same test.
(ex: class of 26' taking the Major Fields Test. Half of the students take type A, and the others take type B)
What are Alternate Forms Reliability
F(2, 57) = 6.88, p = .002
What is an ANOVA with a statistically significant difference among the three groups
The probability level used by researchers to indicate the cut off probability level (highest value) that allows them to reject the null hypothesis
What is the alpha level (ex: less than.05)
Subjects act as their own control. Researchers do not need to worry about their subjects differing on an extraneous variable between the experimental and the control conditions
What is a within-subject manipulation?
Used to compare 3 or more sample means together. (Hint: uses f-stat between/within)
What is an ANOVA
The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to a larger population, as well as to other situations
What is external validity
Look at the board!
What is the main effect for cog load/distraction type
When you reject the null hypothesis when there isn't an effect.
When you fail to reject the null hypothesis when there is an effect
what is...
Type 1: False Pos
Type 2: False Neg
A standardized score of any normally distributed data set in which the mean of the scores is 0 and the standard deviation of the scores is 1
What is a z-score?