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Quantitative Methods
Sampling Methods
Ethical Considerations
Evaluating Studies
100
What are three types of experiments?
True/lab (one method), field, quasi, natural
100
What are three sampling methods?
Random, opportunity, self-selected, purposive, snowball, (there are others, too)
100
What are three ethical considerations (or guidelines)?
-Informed consent, Right to withdraw, Debriefing, Anonymity, Considerations about deception, Justification (for any possible negative effects), Researcher integrity, Getting approval by a review board


100
What is another term for "external validity?"
Generalizability
200
What is the research method that involves an in-depth investigation of a small group, individual or organization that includes the use of multiple methods to gather and analyze data?
Case study
200
What is the key difference between a self-selected sample and volunter or random sampling?
Self-selected sampling involves the participant approaching the researchers to ask to participate - the other two involve the researcher approaching participants.
200
True or False? Participants should ALWAYS be given informed consent forms before participating in a study.
False. It might be impossible in field experiments, so where possible they should have debriefing and consent forms AFTER the study.
200
What is generalizability?
The extent to which we can apply our findings to other contexts (e.g. people, places, situations, etc.)
300
What is the general term for the method that investigates the effect of an IV on a DV.
Experiment / Experimental Method
300
What is the term used to describe the group of people for whom we want to generalize our results to? (Or whom we think we can generalize our results to?)
Target population
300
True or False: Psychologists are allowed to leave out data from studies if it contradicts their hypothesis.
False. All data should be included and fabricated or manipulating results is considered highly unethical since it stands in the way of discovering "truth."
300
What are two types of validity that are relevant to assessing external validity? (Hint: they're to do with environment of the study and the participants involved).
Population validity and ecological validity.
400
True or false: fMRI and MRI are considered research methods in IB Psychology.
False. They are "techniques." DO NOT write about these in any question about research methods.
400
What is one strength and one limitation of random sampling?
Strength: increased chances of a representative sample


Limitation: can be difficult, time consuming and impractical

400
True or False: Ethics in the options are completely different considerations to ethics in the core.
False - the same considerations apply in both options and the core, and where possible you should find overlaps.
400
What type of validity is focused on the extent to which the results of the study are because of the manipulation of the independent variable?
Internal validity
500

What is the name of the numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. 

Correlation coefficient. 
500
What is it called when we have a high probability that our sample accurately represents our target population?
Representative sampling
500
What is one way you can "discuss" an ethical consideration?
a) by looking at how following a guideline could affect the validity of results, b) by offering justification for ignoring particular guidelines in some contexts, 
500

What is the term that describes the extent to which the study actually measures what it intends to measure? (i.e. how accurately psychological phenomena are being manipulated and/or measured in the study).

This is "construct validity." (See pg. 347 of the textbook). It's similar to internal validity.