Variables
what are confounding variables?
an unmeasured third variable that influences both the supposed cause and the supposed effect.
an experiment done outside and has a independent variable that is environmental in nature
a natural experiment
Define a negative correlation
when one variable increases and the other decreases
what are repeated measures design in a research design?
multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods.
what is Ms.Hallets favorite color
purple
what is an extraneous variable?
a factor that can affect the outcome of a research study but is not being investigated
An experiment that is not randomly allocated and participants are group together on their traits and behaviors
a Quasi experiment
define bidirectional ambiguity
When there is an uncertain correlation between variables and there is uncertainty about which variable is influencing which.
what is an design involves pairing participants based on shared characteristics and then randomly assigning them to different groups
matched pairs
true or false: the brain consumes 20% of the body's total energy usage
true; the brain, despite only making up around 2% of body weight, consumes approximately 20% of the body's total energy usag.
what is a controlled variable
a variable that is kept constant or limited during a research study, even though it is not the main focus of the study.
what is a field experiment
where a study is conducted in a real-world setting, outside of a controlled laboratory environment, allowing researchers to manipulate variables and observe their effects in a natural context
define a positive correlation
a relationship between two variables
describe "experimental design"
refers to the method used to allocate participants to different conditions within a study
True or false: researchers cant control the order and effects by counterbalancing
False: they can!- one group of participants starts with a condition then the other group does. This makes sure that it is not the order of conditions that affects the results of the study
what is the independent variable
the variable the researcher deliberately manipulates
what is a laboratory experiment
scientific research method where a researcher tests a hypothesis by manipulating variables in a controlled environment, typically within a laboratory setting
define a hypothesis
an idea/ prediction or that you then test through study and experimentation
what is a independent sample
two or more groups of values that are not related or paired with each other.
what is it called when participants act differently because they now there are in a study
demand characteristics
what is a dependant variable
the variable being measured after the manipulation of the independent variable
define a psychological experiment
a controlled study designed to investigate a specific aspect of human behavior or mental processes, often by manipulating variables to observe the resulting effects
define an experimental hypothesis
predicts the relationship between independent and dependant variable
what are correlational studies
design that examines the relationship between variables without manipulating or controlling them
what is it called when we see patterns where none actually exist
Illusory correlation