Magnetism
RVBs
The Classes
Spin Ice
Extra
100
A magnet with no unified order.
What is a paramagnet?
100
The acronym RVB stands for this.
What Resonating Valence Bonds?
100
The class of quantum spin ice
What is U(1)?
100
These rules dictate that 2 spins point inwards and 2 point outwards per tetrahedron
What are 2-in-2-out "ice rules"?
100
Quantum spin ice can artificially produce these quantized electromagnetic waves.
What are photons?
200
Antiferromagnetism occurs when the electrons' spins are ordered in this pattern.
What is antiparallel?
200
In RVBs, electrons form these bonds with their neighbors.
What are singlet valence bonds?
200
This is named after well-renowned English physicist Paul.
What is Dirac?
200
This is the favored state in a quantum spin ice.
What is the state that takes the least energy to delocalize excitations?
200
The name of the quantum spin liquid synthesized by Tokyo University.
What is Praseodymium Zirconate (Pr2Zr2O7)?
300
Above this temperature, antiferromagnets become ordered.
What is the Néel / Ordering Temperature?
300
The ground state is this, meaning excitations and changes are non-local.
What is entangled?
300
Named after a physicist with an eponymous particle.
What is Spinon Fermi Surface?
300
The zero-point fluctuations in quantum spin ice are similar to the fluctuations in this space.
What is the electrodynamics vacuum?
300
In a triangular lattice, the unknown electron spin is this degree degenerate.
What is sixfold degenerate?
400
The name of the law associated with this formula.
What is the Curie-Weiss Law?
400
This refers to any fractional excitation.
What is exotic excitation?
400
This class is related to the properties of a geometric object's structure that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending.
What is topological?
400
The flipping of spins around a circle of tetrahedra to delocalize an excitation is known as this phenomenon.
What is a ring exchange?
400
The first gauge transformation involved this variable.
What is voltage?
500
The frustration parameter is defined as the ratio of these two variables.
What are the Curie Temperature and the Néel Temperature
500
When a resonating valence bond is broken, this quasiparticle is left behind.
What is a spinon?
500
The four classes listed in order, top to bottom:
Topological, U(1), Dirac, Spinon Fermi Surface
500
The complete name of the gauge theory relating quantum spin ice to electromagnetism.
What is Odd Lattice Compact U(1) Gauge Theory?
500
These were the two primary classical spin ices studied for their favorable statistical properties.
What are dysprosium titanate (Dy2Ti2O7) and holmium titanate (Ho2Ti2O7)?